Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 40, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: In a muscular contraction, stress is created to initiate the process of contraction. The continuous contraction and expansion of these filaments lead to the movement of the muscle. It is an ATP-driven process. Contraction of individual sarcomeres leads to the overall shortening of the muscles.
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Put the events of a single cross-bridge cycle in the proper order. Start with Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
a) myosin binds to actin
b) ATP binds to myosin, cross-bridge disconnect
c) ATP splits into ADP and Pi
d) Myosin head re-energized, repositions into high energy state
e) Calcium resequestered into sarcoplasmic reticulum
f) Cross-bridge power stroke
g) Calcium binds to troponin , and actin binding sites are exposed
Can you match the sacromere anatomy with the proper answer from the list below the table graph?
Sarcomere Anatomy
Description/Reaction
Thin Filaments
?
Thick Filaments
?
A Band
?
I Band
?
M Line
?
H Zone
?
Z Disc
?
A) G-Actin, F-Actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin
B) Myosin
C) Bisected by the M Line, this area shows only the thick filaments without any thin filamentous overlap
D) The point of origin for myosin filaments found in the center of the sarcomere
E) An area in the center of the sarcomere marked by the entire length of the thick filaments
F) A space between sarcomeres with the z-disc in the center; this region shows Actin's anchorage points and extension without myosin overlap
G) Anchoring point for the thin filaments
6. Explain what how the muscles cell maintains resting membrane potential and explain the two main parts of an action potential. Include type of channels and pumps
7. Describe the events at the neuromuscular....
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 40.1 - Compare the functions of the epithelial coverings...Ch. 40.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 40.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 40.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 40.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 40.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 40.2 - Compare the structure and functions of different...Ch. 40.2 - Describe the main divisions of the vertebrate...Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 40.2 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 40.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 40.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 40.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 7LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 40.3 - Compare the roles of glycogen, creatine phosphate,...Ch. 40.3 - Compare the structures and functions of the three...Ch. 40.3 - Prob. 12LOCh. 40.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 40.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 40 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 40 - Test Your Understanding 3. An energy storage...Ch. 40 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 40 - Evaluate and Synthesize 9. INTERPRET DATA Examine...Ch. 40 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 14TYU
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- Test Your Understanding 3. An energy storage compound that can be stockpiled in muscle cells for short-term use is (a) myoglobin (b) ADP (c) troponin (d) myosin (e) creatine phosphatearrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the junction points between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the subunits within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearls� described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?arrow_forwardThe release of calcium ions initiates muscle contractions. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/calciumrole) to learn more about the role of calcium. (a) What are “T-tubules� and what is their role? (b) Please also describe how actin-binding sites are made available for cross-bridging with myosin heads during contraction.arrow_forward
- Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?arrow_forwardWhat causes rigor mortis? Choose all that apply. Ca2+ leak out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which results in myosin binding to actin. No more ATP is being made. Without the binding of ATP, the myosin head will not release from actin. Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels continue to open and close. The somatic motor neuron continues to send signals.arrow_forwardEvery skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motorneuron at the NMJ. Watch this video(http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learnmore about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is thestructural and functional difference between a large motorunit and a small motor unit? Can you give an exampleof each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholinedegraded after binding to its receptor?arrow_forward
- Muscle contraction experiment. What happens to glycerinated skeletal muscle if you add ATP first, then add salt. What if ATP and salts are added simultaneously?arrow_forward“Form reflects function” is a statement that applies to the skeletal system. What evidence can you provide from your lab work that differences in the skeletons of a frog and human are related to locomotor function? In a bat compared to a human? Provide at least two pieces of evidence for each comparison.arrow_forwardIntroduction to Neuroscience Movement1) Describe the generation of muscle force2) List the properties of the Neuro Muscular Junction (NMJ)arrow_forward
- 1. The dark A band of a sarcomere contains regions where the actin and myosin filaments overlap. True False 2. Thin filaments (actin) contain active sites for myosin attachment. True False 3. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe titin? a large protein found in sarcomeres prevents sarcomeres from changing in length during muscle contractions helps hold myosin filaments in place helps give muscle fibers their elasticityarrow_forwardDuring muscular contraction, cross-bridges form between _____ and _____ . Multiple Choice a) myosin, tropomyosin b) myosin, troponin c) troponin, calmodulin d) actin, tropomyosin e) actin, myosinarrow_forward11 Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control. Explain the processes that must occur in order for a muscle like our Biceps brachi (an elbow flexor) to contract and shorten so that you can pick up a beer after taking this exam. Describe the roles that lons and molecules play in both contraction and relaxation and how the sliding filament theory enables sarcomeres to shorten. Be descriptive but answer the question in your own words.arrow_forward
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