The Heart of Mathematics: An Invitation to Effective Thinking
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781118156599
Author: Edward B. Burger, Michael Starbird
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.1, Problem 25MS
K-ple trouble. Suppose you have a right triangle that has legs of length a and b, and hypotenuse of length c. Let k be a fixed natural number. Verify that a triangle having side lengths ka, kb, and kc also satisfies the Pythagorean Theorem.
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3. Define a function T : R³ → R² by
T(x, y, z) = (x + y + z, x + 2y − 3z).
(1) Show that T is a linear transformation.
—
(2) Find all vectors in the kernel of T.
(3) Show that T is onto.
(4) Find the matrix representation of T relative to the standard ba-
sis of R³ and R².
5. Use the Gram-Schmidt process to find an orthonormal basis for the
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(1,0,1,1),
(1,0,1,0),
(0, 0, 1, 1).
4. Show that B
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the coordinate vector of (1, 2, 3) relative to the basis B.
Chapter 4 Solutions
The Heart of Mathematics: An Invitation to Effective Thinking
Ch. 4.1 - The main event. State the Pythagorean Theorem.Ch. 4.1 - Two out of three. If a right triangle has legs of...Ch. 4.1 - Hypotenuse hype. If a right triangle has legs of...Ch. 4.1 - Assesing area. Suppose you know the base of a...Ch. 4.1 - Squares all around. How does the figure below...Ch. 4.1 - Operating on the triangle. Using a straightedge,...Ch. 4.1 - Excite your friends about right triangles....Ch. 4.1 - Easy as 1,2,3? Can there be a right triangle with...Ch. 4.1 - Sky high (S). On a sunny, warm day, a student...Ch. 4.1 - Sand masting (H). The sailboat named Sand Bug has...
Ch. 4.1 - Getting a pole on a bus. For his 13th birthday,...Ch. 4.1 - The Scarecrow (ExH). In the 1939 movie The Wizard...Ch. 4.1 - Rooting through a spiral. Start with a right...Ch. 4.1 - Is it right? (H) Suppose someone tells you that...Ch. 4.1 - Tfrain trouble (H). Train tracks are made of...Ch. 4.1 - Does everyone have what it takes to be a triangle?...Ch. 4.1 - Getting squared away. In our proof of the...Ch. 4.1 - The practical side of Pythagoras. Suppose you are...Ch. 4.1 - Pythagorean pizzas (H). You have a choice at the...Ch. 4.1 - Natural right (S). Suppose r and s are any two...Ch. 4.1 - Well-rounded shapes. Suppose we have two circles...Ch. 4.1 - A Pythagorean Theorem for triangles other than...Ch. 4.1 - With a group of folks. In a small group, discuss...Ch. 4.1 - Double trouble. Suppose you know a right triangle...Ch. 4.1 - K-ple trouble. Suppose you have a right triangle...Ch. 4.1 - Padding around. You have a rectangular patio with...Ch. 4.1 - Pythagoras goes the distance. Plot the points (5,...Ch. 4.1 - Ahoy there! (H) Your exotic sailboat, which you...Ch. 4.2 - Standing guard. Draw the floor plan of a gallery...Ch. 4.2 - Art appreciation. State the Art Gallery Theorem.Ch. 4.2 - Upping the ante. How many guards do you need for a...Ch. 4.2 - Keep it safe. At what vertices would you place...Ch. 4.2 - Puttoing guards in their place. For each floor...Ch. 4.2 - Guarding the Guggenheim. The Art Gallery Theorem...Ch. 4.2 - TriangulatIng the Louvre (H). Triangulate the...Ch. 4.2 - Triangulating the Clark. Triangulate the floor...Ch. 4.2 - Tricolor me (ExH). For each triangulation, color...Ch. 4.2 - Tricolor hue. For each triangulation, color the...Ch. 4.2 - One-third. Write the number 6 as a sum of three...Ch. 4.2 - Easy watch. Draw a floor plan of a museum with six...Ch. 4.2 - Two watches (S). Draw the floor plan of a museum...Ch. 4.2 - Mirror, mirror on the wall. Consider the floor...Ch. 4.2 - Nine needs three (H). Draw a floor plan for a...Ch. 4.2 - One-third again (ExH). If a natural number is...Ch. 4.2 - Square museum (S). If a museum has only...Ch. 4.2 - Worst squares (H). Draw examples of museums with...Ch. 4.2 - Pie are squared. The circumference of a circle of...Ch. 4.2 - I can see the light. Suppose you are in a...Ch. 4.2 - Less than. Youve tnangulated your polygon and...Ch. 4.2 - Greater than. Youve triangulated your polygon and...Ch. 4.2 - Counting the colors. Your polygon has 40 vertices....Ch. 4.2 - Only red. Twelve of your polygons vertices have...Ch. 4.2 - Totaling triangles. If a polygon has n sides, it...Ch. 4.3 - Defining gold. Explain what makes a rectangle a...Ch. 4.3 - Approximating gold. Which of these numbers is...Ch. 4.3 - Approximating again. Which of the following...Ch. 4.3 - Same solution. Why does the equation l1=1l have...Ch. 4.3 - X marks the unkonw (ExH). Solve eachh equation for...Ch. 4.3 - A cold tall one? Can a Golden Rectangle have a...Ch. 4.3 - Fold the gold (H). Suppose you have a Golden...Ch. 4.3 - Sheets of gold. Suppose you have two sheets of...Ch. 4.3 - Circular logic? (H). Take a Golden Rectangle and...Ch. 4.3 - Growing gold (H). Take a Golden Rectangle and...Ch. 4.3 - Counterfeit gold? Draw a rectangle with its longer...Ch. 4.3 - In the grid (S). Consider the 1010 grid at left....Ch. 4.3 - A nest of gold. Consider the figure of infinitely...Ch. 4.3 - Comparing areas (ExH). Let G be a Golden Rectangle...Ch. 4.3 - Do we get gold? Lets make a rectangle somewhat...Ch. 4.3 - Do we get gold this time? (S) We now describe...Ch. 4.3 - A silver lining? (H) Consider the diagonal in the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 20MSCh. 4.3 - Going platinum. Determine the dimensions of a...Ch. 4.3 - Golden triangles. Draw a right triangle with one...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 23MSCh. 4.3 - Prob. 24MSCh. 4.3 - Prob. 25MSCh. 4.3 - Power beyond the mathematics. Provide several...Ch. 4.3 - Special K. As a student at the University of...Ch. 4.3 - Special x. Find all values of x satisfying the...Ch. 4.3 - In search of x. Solve each equation for x:...Ch. 4.3 - Adding a square. Your school Healthy Eating garden...Ch. 4.3 - Golden Pythagoras (H). If you have a Golden...Ch. 4.4 - To tile or not to tile. Which of the following...Ch. 4.4 - Shifting Into symmetry. Shown below are small...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 3MSCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4MSCh. 4.4 - Symmetric scaling (ExH). Each of the two patterns...Ch. 4.4 - Build a super. Draw a 1,2,5 right triangle in the...Ch. 4.4 - Another angle. Look at the 5-unit super-tile you...Ch. 4.4 - Super-super. Surround your 5-unit super-tile with...Ch. 4.4 - Expand forever (H). If you continue the process of...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 10MSCh. 4.4 - Expand again. Take your 4.unit equilateral...Ch. 4.4 - One-answer supers. Here is a Pinwheel Pattern. For...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 14MSCh. 4.4 - Many answer supers (H). Shown here are pictures of...Ch. 4.4 - Fill er up? (ExH) For each tile below, could...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 18MSCh. 4.4 - Prob. 19MSCh. 4.4 - Prob. 20MSCh. 4.4 - Penrose tiles. Roger Penrose constructed two tiles...Ch. 4.4 - Expand forever. Why does any shape that can be...Ch. 4.4 - Super total. Recall that the Pinwheel Triangle has...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 26MSCh. 4.4 - XY-tiles. The trapezoidal tile on the left has one...Ch. 4.4 - School spirit. Your dorm bathroom is tiled using...Ch. 4.4 - T-total (H). Suppose you start with one small...Ch. 4.5 - Its nice to be regular. What makes a polygon a...Ch. 4.5 - Keeping it Platonic. What makes a solid a regular...Ch. 4.5 - Countem up. How many faces, edges, and vertices...Ch. 4.5 - Defending duality. Explain why the cube and the...Ch. 4.5 - The eye of the beholder. Suppose you have models...Ch. 4.5 - Drawing solids. Draw each solid by completing the...Ch. 4.5 - Count. For each of the regular solids, take the...Ch. 4.5 - Soccer counts (ExH). Look at a soccer ball. Take...Ch. 4.5 - A solid slice (S). For each regular solid, imagine...Ch. 4.5 - Siding on the cube. Suppose we start with the...Ch. 4.5 - Cube slices (H). Consider slicing the cube with a...Ch. 4.5 - Dual quads (S). Suppose you have a cube with edges...Ch. 4.5 - Super dual. Suppose you take a cube with edges of...Ch. 4.5 - Self-duals. Suppose you have a tetrahedron having...Ch. 4.5 - Not quite regular (ExH). Suppose you allow...Ch. 4.5 - Truncated solids. Slice off all the vertices of...Ch. 4.5 - Stellated solids. Take each regular solid and...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 24MSCh. 4.5 - Here we celeb rate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.5 - Here we celeb rate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.5 - Here we celeb rate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.5 - Here we celeb rate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.5 - Here we celeb rate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.6 - Walkind the walk. Here are three walks from corner...Ch. 4.6 - Missing angle in action. The triangles below are...Ch. 4.6 - Slippery X. A triangle is drawn on a sphere. Can...Ch. 4.6 - A triangular trio. The sphere below has three...Ch. 4.6 - Saddle sores. The triangle at right is drawn on a...Ch. 4.6 - Travel agent. In each of the following three...Ch. 4.6 - Travel agent. In each of the following three...Ch. 4.6 - Travel agent. In each of the following three...Ch. 4.6 - Latitude losers (H). In each of the following...Ch. 4.6 - Latitude losers (H). In each of the following...Ch. 4.6 - Latitude losers (H). In each of the following...Ch. 4.6 - Spider and bug. For each pair of points on the...Ch. 4.6 - Spider and bug. For each pair of points on the...Ch. 4.6 - Spider and bug. For each pair of points on the...Ch. 4.6 - Spider and bug. For each pair of points on the...Ch. 4.6 - Spider and bug. For each pair of points on the...Ch. 4.6 - Big angles (H). What is the largest value we can...Ch. 4.6 - Many angles (S). Draw three different great...Ch. 4.6 - Quads in a plane. Measure the sum of the angles of...Ch. 4.6 - Quads on the sphere. Below are quadrilaterals on...Ch. 4.6 - Parallel lines (ExH). On a plane, if you draw a...Ch. 4.6 - Cubical spheres (ExH). Take a cube. Put a point in...Ch. 4.6 - Tetrahedral spheres. Lets do a similar calculation...Ch. 4.6 - Dodecahedral spheres. This Mindscape is the same...Ch. 4.6 - Total excess. Using the observations from the...Ch. 4.6 - What is the sum of the three angles? Why? Consider...Ch. 4.6 - What is the sum of the angles of your triangle? Is...Ch. 4.6 - Removing a slice of the pie. Complete the...Ch. 4.6 - Conjuring up a conjecture. Make a conjecture about...Ch. 4.6 - Tetrahedral angles. What is the sum of the angles...Ch. 4.6 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.6 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.6 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.6 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.6 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.7 - At one with the univers. Below is a sketch of a...Ch. 4.7 - Are we there yet? Why does the information x=4 not...Ch. 4.7 - Plain places. Plot the following points in the...Ch. 4.7 - Big stack. If you take a huge number of sheets of...Ch. 4.7 - A bigger stack. If you take a huge number of...Ch. 4.7 - On the level in two dimensions. Pictured in the...Ch. 4.7 - On the level in two dimensions (S). Pictured in...Ch. 4.7 - On the level in four dimensions. Pictured in the...Ch. 4.7 - Tearible 2s. In the pictures below, describe how...Ch. 4.7 - Dare not to tear? For the figures in the Tearible...Ch. 4.7 - Unlinking (H). Using the fourth dimension,...Ch. 4.7 - Unknotting. Describe how you would unknot the...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 13MSCh. 4.7 - Edgy hypercubes (H). Produce drawings of the...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 15MSCh. 4.7 - Prob. 16MSCh. 4.7 - Doughnuts in dimensions. Suppose we have a...Ch. 4.7 - Assembly required (S). As promised in the...Ch. 4.7 - Slicing the cube. Take a 3-dimensional cube...Ch. 4.7 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.7 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.7 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.7 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...Ch. 4.7 - Here we celebrate the power of algebra as a...
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