Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 41.1, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Blood is a fluid, constantly circulating in the body of various animals that provides them with essential nutrients, oxygen and waste removal. An average human being has around 5 Liters of blood. It is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells and the transparent fluid, plasma.
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The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.
Which of the following explain the effect on the body if a patient has a low level of oxygen in their arterial blood?
1 cardiac output increases
2 The patient will breathe in a larger volume of air each minute
3 The pulmonary artery will dilate
4 The patient will experience feelings of restlessness and headaches
1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
1, 2, and 4 are correct
Describe what happens in the respiratory system when you run to catch a bus by placing the following in order (#1-7). Consider that the running will have caused an increase in cellular respiration, which results in an increase in CO2 (this is the change in the variable). The increase in CO2 will be detected by the brain, which will ultimately cause an increase in ventilation.
Blood CO2 levels increased and O2 levels decreased.
Increased ventilation results.
Chemoreceptors detect decreased O2 and increased concentration of CO2/decreased pH.
Return to normal CO2 and O2 levels.
Respiratory centers increases its stimulation of spinal nerves (phrenic and intercostal).
Increased frequency and degree of contraction of respiratory muscles.
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors stimulate the respiratory centers in the brainstem.
Increased cellular respiration in response to the running.
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- Figure 39.13 Which of the following statements is false? In the tissues, PO2 drops as blood passes from the arteries to the veins, while PCO2 increases. Blood travels from the lungs to the heart to body tissues, then back to the heart, then the lungs. Blood travels from the lungs to the heart to body tissues, then back to the lungs, then the heart. PO2 is higher in air than in the lungs.arrow_forwardFill in the blank: As a result of increased breathing, the blood concentration of carbon dioxide is _______________________.arrow_forwardAll of the statements are true except A)Decreasing levels of oxygen in the blood are detected by chemoreceptors in the kidney. B)As a person's activity level increases, the level of CO2 in the blood increases and stimulates faster breathing. C)Chemoreceptors involved in the control of breathing are located in the brainstem and the carotid and aortic bodies. D)Breathing is controlled by both voluntary and involuntary mechanisms.arrow_forward
- Which statement about the regulation of respiration is FALSE? Group of answer choices Respiratory centers in the medulla control the transition from inspiration to expiration. Carbon dioxide concentration is the most important chemical stimulus for regulating respiratory rate. Chemoreceptors in the walls of various arteries are sensitive to carbon dioxide levels in the blood. A group of neurons in the ventral medulla only become active when we need to breathe forcefully. Chemoreceptors may be sensitive to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and/or hydrogen ion concentration.arrow_forwardWhich of the following carries oxygento various parts of human body?A. Red blood cellsB. White blood cellsC. PlasmaD. Nervesarrow_forwardWhich of the following factors would increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood? Question 6 options: A 50% increase in hematocrit in combination with blood cells that have half the concentration of hemoglobin? A 20% increase in myoglobin levels. An increase in temperature. An increase in pH none of the above would increase the total amount of oxygen carried by the bloodarrow_forward
- During the process of inhaling the diaphragm contracts. As a result, air enters the human lungs because of Group of answer choices atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure inside the lungs. atmospheric pressure is less than the pressure inside the lungs.arrow_forwardIf the oxygen levels increased throughout your body, you would expect to see the following occur to bring levels back to homeostasis Group of answer choices A decrease in sympathetic activity to the smooth muscle of blood vessels An increase in heart rate An increase in stroke volume An increase in parasympathetic activity to the smooth muscle of blood vessels An increase in sympathetic activity to the heartarrow_forwardWhich of the following can increase oxygen delivery to an actively metabolizing tissue? A. local reduction in pH in the active tissue B. relaxation of precapillary sphincters within the active tissue C. increased blood pressure as a consequence of tachycardia (that is, increased heart rate) D. increase in the number of open, perfused capillaries in the active tissue E. All of the above answer choices correctly answer the question.arrow_forward
- The carbamino effect decrease's hemoglobin's affinity for _________ in response to increased ____________, while the Haldane effect decrease's hemoglobin's affinity for _________ in response to increased ____________. A oxygen, carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide, oxygen B carbon dioxide, oxygen; oxygen, carbon dioxide C oxygen, carbon dioxide; oxygen, pH D carbon dioxide, oxygen; carbon dioxide, pH E oxygen, carbon dioxide; protons, oxygenarrow_forwardThe kidneys are responsible for removing excess H+ ions from the blood. If the kidneys fail, what will happen to blood pH: hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen:arrow_forwardPut the structural components provided in the order that an oxygen molecule travels by matching them with numbers 1-5. (Not all structures will be used.) Left ventricle, aorta, left atrium, right ventricle, right ventricle, alveolus, cell, right atriumarrow_forward
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