Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 41.5, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The working of the cyclosporin drug, which interrupts the development of T cell.
Introduction:
The cyclosporin is a class of immunosuppressant, which is administered to the patients who face organ rejection. The transplanted organ can be rejected by the body due to the cell-mediated immunity, which can be suppressed by the inhibition of the T-cell development. The cyclosporin drug acts by interrupting the development of T cell and suppress the immune system of the patient.
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Adaptive immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which interact but also have distinct roles in adaptive immunity. Identify the example of a strictly cell-mediated immune response.
A.
A cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected host cell.
B.
A helper T cell activates a B cell.
C.
A B cell gives rise to plasma cells, which release antibodies.
D.
An antigen is taken in by an antigen-presenting cell.
Adaptive immunity includes which of the following processes?
Question 2 options:
A)
phagocytosis
B)
inflammation
C)
production of antibody
D)
production of interferon
. Inflammation is the hallmark of an active immune response.Explain how inflammation is triggered by innate immunemechanisms. Why does inflammation subside as aninfection is controlled?
Chapter 41 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Figure 42.11 Which of the following statements about T cells is false? Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forwardThe Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Name the class of molecules that includes antibodies, and name the five groups that make up this class.arrow_forwardMatch the immunity concept with the best description. ___anaphylactic shock a. recognizes antigen ___immune memory b. inadequate immune response ___autoimmunity c general defense mechanism ___inflammation d. immune response against ones own body ___immune deficiency e. secondary response ___antigen receptor f. acute allergic reaction ___antigen processing g. presenting antigen together with MHC markersarrow_forward
- Match the immune cell with its main function. ___dendritic cell a. professional phagocyte ___B cell b. antigen-presenter ___helper T cell c. activates other lymphocytes ___NK cell d. makes antibodies ___macrophage e. kills ailing body cells that lack MHC markersarrow_forwardWhich of the following is part of the second line of defense against pathogens?a. skin b. mucus membranesc. lysozyme in tears d. phagocytes Which of the following does NOT have MHC class II molecules on the surface of their cell membranes? a. Macrophages.b. Dendritic cells.c. B cells.d. Helper T cells.arrow_forwardDescribe the function of both T and B memory cells in the immune response. What type of immunity do they provide?arrow_forward
- HIV can be treated with therapy, but there is a growing in the level of innate immune activation despite control of T cells and a negligible viral load. Explain why you think this may happen?arrow_forwardIf an individual failed to develop a thymus because of a genetic defect, what would happen to the immune responses mediated by antibodies and those mediated by cytotoxic T cells? Hint: Think how helper T cells and B cells are functionally related,arrow_forwardWhich innate immune system component uses MHC class I molecules directly in its defense strategy? a. macrophages b. neutrophils c. NK cells d. interferonarrow_forward
- Why do you think two signals are required for B- and T-cell activation but only one signal is required for activation of an APC?arrow_forwardActivated Cytotoxic T cells: Undergo apoptosis Cause infected cells to undergo apoptosis Recognize infected cells a and c b and carrow_forwardWhat is the origin of the phagocytes andlymphocytes active in the immune response? Track thematuration of B cells and T cells.arrow_forward
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Immune System and Immune Response Animation; Author: Medical Sciences Animations;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDdbUBXPKc4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Immune response: summary; Author: Dr Bhavsar Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADANgHkX4OY;License: Standard Youtube License