A gas of identical diatomic molecules absorbs electromagnetic radiation over a wide range of frequencies. Molecule 1 is in the J = 0 rotation state and makes a transition to the J = 1 state. Molecule 2 is in the J = 2 state and makes a transition to the J = 3 state. Is the ratio of the frequency of the photon that excited molecule 2 to that of the photon that excited molecule 1 equal to (a) 1, (b) 2, (c) 3, (d) 4, or (e) impossible to determine?

Q: The CO molecule makes a transition from the J = 1 to the J = 2 rotational state when it absorbs a…

A: Let f be the incident photon’s frequency. The expression of the rotational kinetic energy of the…

Q: I have 10 molecules. The collection has a total energy of 5au. The energy levels that the molecules…

A: Given data:total number of molecules = 10 molecules. The collection of total energy = 5au. The…

Q: The diameter of a gas molecule is 2:4 x 1-10 m. Calculate the mean free path at NTP. Given Boltzmann…

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Q: (i) The potential energy of a diatomic molecule in terms of interatomic given by cance U(R) = R R…

A: Given: U(R)=-ARm+BRnhere A,B,m and n re constants

Q: The temperature near the surface of the earth is 302 K. A xenon atom (atomic mass = 131.29 u) has a…

A: temperature = 302 K mass = 131.29 u

Q: (a) In an HCl molecule, take the Cl atom to be the isotope 35Cl. The equilibrium separation of the H…

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Q: Temperature is a measure of the molecule’s average of which of the following? (a) kinetic energy (b)…

A: The molecules of the hot gas move faster than the molecules of the cold gas.

Q: What is the RMS speed of a CO2 molecule at 27.0° C? Sone useful information: Mcarbon = 12 g/mole and…

A: Given: The temperature of the gas is 27oC.

Q: A triatomic molecule can have a linear configuration, as does Co, (Figure a), or it can be…

A: To determine: c.  High-temperature molar specific heat. d. High-temperature molar specific heat. e.…

Q: The Debye temperature of copper is 340 K. Calculate the highest possible vibrational frequency and…

A: Given: The temperature is T=10 k Boltzmann constant is K=1.38×10-23 J·k-1 The gas constant is R=8.31…

Q: At what temperature will the rms speed of a molecule is quarter of that of it has at a temperature…

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Q: The rms (root-mean-square) speed of a diatomic hydrogen molecule at 50° C is 2000 m/s. Note that 1.0…

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Q: A hypothetical NH molecule makes a rotational-level transition from I= 3 to l = 1 and gives off a…

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Q: potential energy (J) 5.0E-19 0 -5.0E-19 -1.0E-18 0.1 0.2 interactomic separation (nm) 0.3

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Q: To give a helium atom nonzero angular momentum requires about 21.2 eV of energy (that is, 21.2 eV is…

A: The energy is given to helium,   The Boltzmann constant,

Q: A box contains N molecules. Consider two configurations:configuration A with an equal division of…

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Q: molecule in air?(Consider Oxygen, Nitrogen, and carbon dioxide as diatomic molecule structure which…

A: kinetic energy of one molecule =f ×(1/2)kT k =boltzman's constant

Q: The active element of a certain laser is made of a glass rod 30.0 cm long and 1.50 cm in diameter.…

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Q: Consider a gas in a cubical container 22 cm on a side. How many states lie within ±0.01% of the…

A: Let the side of the cubical container be a and the volume of the cubical container be V. The number…

Q: Calculate the RMS velocity of hydrogen molecule at 127 deg C. The density of hydrogen at NTP is 0.09…

A: Given: Temperature, T= 127o C = 400K Density of hydrogen gas = 0.09 kg/m3 To find: RMS velocity of…

Q: To determine the equilibrium separation of the atoms in the HCl molecule, you measure the rotational…

A: Given,The wavelength consisting with the rotational spectrum of HCl,60.4 mm, 69.0 mm, 80.4 mm, 96.4…

Q: Estimate the time needed for a glycine molecule  to diffuse a distance of 27 μmμm in water at 20…

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Q: Three moles of an argon gas are at a temperature of 275 K. Calculate (a) the kinetic energy per…

A: Part A:

Q: One description of the potential energy of a diatomic molecule is given by the Lennard–Jones…

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Q: A gas is cooled and trapped in a two-dimensional region by laser beams and magnets. The speed…

A: The speed distribution function of the gas molecule obeys the two dimensional Maxwell-Boltzmann…

Q: The effective spring constant describing the potential energy of the HBr molecule is 410 N/m and…

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Q: The air is a gas mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and Nitrogen. If the air can be treated as ideal…

A: Composition of air = oxygen , carbon dioxide and nitrogen Temperature = 100o C To find = Average…

Q: You measure the average free path λ and the average collision time τ of the molecules of a diatomic…

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Q: Consider the semiclassical model of N particles with two energy levels (0 and e > 0). Suppose that…

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Q: A 5 L tank contains Argon gas at 55°C and 4.5 atm. Find the total translational kinetic energy of…

A: Given data The volume of the gas is V = 5 L = 5 x 10-3 m3 The temperature of the gas is T = 55°C =…

Q: A molecule has states with the following energies: 0, 1ε, 2ε, where ε = 1.0 x 10-20 J. Calculate…

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Q: The effective mass of the solid whose energy expression s(k)= A- B cos (k̟b) cos(k,b) near (0,0) is…

A: Given: Energy expression of the solid, ε(k)=A-Bcos(kxb)cos(kyb) (1) Given Point kx,ky=0,0

Q: Let's consider the three atoms composing the molecule now have different masses and coordinate,…

A: Given  M1= 142.54 kg M2= 82.55 kg M3= 8 kg  D1= (3,6) D2= (1,6) D3= (5,9)

Q: The atomic radii of X+n and Y-m ions are 0.072and 0.133 nm, respectively. Calculate the attractive…

A: Potential energy = kq1 q2 /r

Q: The rms (root-mean-square) speed of a diatomic hydrogen molecule at 50∘C∘C is 2000 m/sm/s. Note that…

A: Write the expression for the kinetic energy of gases in terms of temperature.

Q: The molar polarization of fluorobenzene vapour varies linearly with T−1, and is 70.62 cm3 mol−1 at…

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Q: Calculate the van der Waals constant a (L2atm/mol2) of CO2 gas if P 79.2 atm, Vmc= 113 cm3/mol and…

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Q: Most of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus. Model the mass distribution in a diatomic molecule as…

A: The moment of inertia about y axis is The rotational energy of the molecule about y axis can be…

Q: Estimate the mean free path of a nitrogen molecule in a cylinder nitrogen at 2 atm and a temperature…

A: Given: The pressure of the gas is 2 atm. The temperature of the gas is 17oC. The radius is 1x10-10…

Q: Initially a gas of diatomic molecules is contained in a cylinder of volume V at a pressure P and…

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Q: Although an ordinary H2 molecule consists of two identical atoms, this is not the case for the…

A: Given: The energy is E=0.0057 eV. The expression for temperature at which the heat capacity will…

Q: Consider a molecular two-level system with a twofold degenerate ground state (la- beled “0") and a…

A: The Boltzmann distribution gives the average number of particles at a certain energy level is:Here,…

Q: A molecule in Earth's atmosphere at 20 °C has a most probable energy      E = kT/2 = 2.02 ×10-21 J…

A: Most probable energy of a molecule in atmosphere is given as E=kT2

Maxwell speed distribution

Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution or commonly known as Maxwell speed distribution, explains the division of the energy levels of the molecules of an ideal gas on the basis of the statistical theory. In 1859, Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell established the context for the distribution of molecular velocities for random molecules moving in a closed environment. This theory was generalized in 1871 by German physicist Ludwig Boltzmann. He improvised the theory to express the distribution of energy levels among different molecules.