Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 4TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The sliding filament model explains that the precise control of muscle contraction starts with action potentials traveling down an efferent neuron through a signaling pathway that causes muscle contractions, which are responsible for the body motions. These neural signals carry information from nerves to muscle fibers and trigger contractions.
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Myosin binds to actin, then bends. What is ATP needed for next?
A. to pump the Ca++ “keys” back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. to replace the strap and cover the binding sites
C. to give feedback to the neuron that contraction occurred
D. to un-bind myosin from actin and re-set for another powerstroke.
With regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to the interactions of filaments that occur in the sarcomere?
A. When muscles are relaxed tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin subunits, which keeps cross-bridges from forming.
B. The myosin heads conduct a power stroke motion to slide when bound to actin, to move the "thin" filaments towards the center of the sarcomere.
C. During contraction, actin subunits are removed from the ends of the "thin" filaments to shorten actin polymers, thus reducing the length of the sarcomere.
D. "Thick" filaments are anchored at the M-line, while "thin" filaments are anchored at the Z-line.
E. Numerous myosin heads engage with the actin filaments simultaneously, such that there is no back-slipping during the contraction process.
When sarcomeres contract during muscle contraction, which of the following occurs?
A.
The myosin filaments lengthen.
B.
The myosin filaments "walk" along the actin microfilaments.
C.
The myosin filaments shorten.
D.
The actin filaments shorten.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Figure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forwardThe release of calcium ions initiates muscle contractions. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/calciumrole) to learn more about the role of calcium. (a) What are “T-tubules� and what is their role? (b) Please also describe how actin-binding sites are made available for cross-bridging with myosin heads during contraction.arrow_forwardAfter death, a person no longer makes ATP, so calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum diffuses down its concentration gradient into the muscle cytoplasm. This result is rigor mortis----an unbreakable state of muscle contraction that stiffens the body for a few days until muscles begin to decay. Explain why this contraction occurs.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best describes the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction? a. Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten, but rather, slide past each other. b. Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other. c. As they slide past each other, actin filaments shorten, but myosin filaments do not shorten. d. As they slide past each other, myosin filaments shorten, but actin filaments do not shorten.arrow_forwardWhich is a false statement about skeletal muscle structure?a. A myofibril is composed of multiple muscle fibers.b. Most skeletal muscles attach to bones by connective-tissue tendons.c. Each end of a thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments.d. A cross-bridge is a portion of the myosin molecule.e. Thin filaments contain actin, tropomyosin, and troponin.arrow_forwardif, in a laboratory, a skeletal muscle cell receives a single stimulus to contract, it produces a single muscle twitch. If we quickly fire another stimulus for the muscle to contract, prior to the muscle fully relaxing, then we have a condition of: A. seizure B. none of the above C. complete tetanus D. temporal summation E. relaxation The _________________ phase of the Sliding Filament Model of Contraction occurs when myosin and actin separate from one another. A. cocking of the myosin head B. cross bridge detachment C. cross bridge formation D. action potential E. calcium release During contraction, the bulk of calcium comes from the?arrow_forward
- What event causes a troponin-tropomyosin complex to regain its original shape in muscle relaxation? a. stimulation of ACh receptors b. diffusion of Na+ back into transverse tubules c. return of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. breaking of the bond with tropomyosinarrow_forwardWhich statement about striated skeletal muscle is true? A. The tension generated by a muscle is invariable. B. Mechanical summation of twitches in a muscle fiber leads to a graded increase in the tension that is above that generated by a single twitch. C. A single action potential arriving at the neuromuscular junction is not sufficient to cause a muscle fiber to twitch. D. Muscle twitches are able to mechanically sum when Ca2+ is quickly and completely removed from the sarcoplasm between action potentials. E. An action potential in the muscle cell activates contraction by releasing Na+ into the sarcoplasm.arrow_forwardThe sliding filament mechanism describes the process during which: a. actin and myosin slide relative to each other b. sarcomeres slide relative to each other c. troponin and tropomyosin slide relative to each other d. muscle fibers slide past each otherarrow_forward
- The function of Ca2+ in skeletal muscle contraction is toa. cause an allosteric change in myosin so it detaches from actin.b. provide the energy necessary for the movement of the cross-bridge.c. expose the myosin-binding sites on the thin filaments.d. bind to tropomyosin.e. do a and c only.arrow_forwardIn a skeletal muscle fiber, Ca2+ is released from a. ACh receptors. b. the motor end plate. c. the sarcoplasmic reticulum. d. the sarcolemma and T-tubules.arrow_forwardIn muscle cells, magnesium ions compete with calcium ions for binding sites on troponin molecules. If a person has too high a concentration of magnesium ions in the blood, magnesium ions can prevent calcium ions from binding troponin. A) What effect would this have on muscle contraction (strengthen, weaken, or no effect)? B) Use your knowledge of how muscle fibers contract to explain your answer in part A.arrow_forward
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