Concept explainers
To explain: The conditions under which it might be an advantageous for a fish to have lungs as well as gills.
Introduction: The process of gas exchange occurs between an organism and its environment is known as respiration. For
To determine: The function that lungs of modern fishes serve.
Introduction: The process of gas exchange occurs between an organism and its environment is known as respiration. For cellular respiration, most of the animal cells need a continuous oxygen supply. During respiration, oxygen is inhaled from the environment by animal and transport to individual cells of the body. As well as, carbon dioxide produced by the cell during cellular respiration is exhaled from the body to the atmosphere.
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Chapter 46 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
- Test Your Understanding 14. PREDICT What problems would be faced by a terrestrial animal having gills instead of lungs?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 12. EVOLUTION LINK What are the advantages of having millions of alveoli rather than a pair of simple, balloonlike lungs?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 1. Which of the following is a benefit of gas exchange in air compared with gas exchange in water? (a) air has a higher concentration of molecular oxygen (b) oxygen diffuses more slowly in air (c) no energy is required for ventilation (d) moist respiratory surface is not needed (e) air is denser than waterarrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding 5. Which sequence most accurately describes the flow of air in the human respiratory system? 1. pharynx 2. bronchus 3. trachea 4. larynx 5. alveolus 6. Bronchiole (a) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5, 6 (b) 1,4, 3, 2, 5, 6 (c) 4, 1,3, 2, 6, 5 (d) 1, 4, 3, 2, 6, 5 (e) 1, 3, 4, 2, 6, 5arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 13. INTEREPT DATA Look at Figure 46-10b. How would strenuous muscle activity affect the oxygenhemoglobin dissociation curve? (Hint: How does muscular activity affect pH? See Chapter 40 if you need to review this concept.) Figure 46-10 Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curvesarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 11. VISUALIZE Draw and label a diagram illustrating the sequence of structures through which inhaled air travels to reach the alveoli.arrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding 7. According to Ficks law of diffusion, a gas will diffuse faster if the (a) surface is reduced (b) difference in pressure is decreased (c) difference in pressure is increased (d) pH is lowered (e) a and carrow_forwardDistinguish between positive pressure breathing and negative pressure breathing in animals with lungs.arrow_forwardEVOLUTION LINK Aquatic mammals such as whales and dolphins use lungs rather than gills for gas exchange. Propose a hypothesis to explain why.arrow_forward
- 9. How does yawning increase the animal's oxygen consumption? A. Increases the depth of breathing B. Increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the lungs C. Increases the frequency of breathing D. Increases blood flowarrow_forwardDescribe 3 physiological adaptations that enhance depth and duration of diving in animals such as seals.arrow_forwardCompare the efficiency of fish gills with mammalian lungs.arrow_forward
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