Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337111348
Author: Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan Noell
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 4.CR, Problem 4CR
To determine

(a)

To find:

The exact value of the base a.

To determine

(b)

To find:

The percentage by which the balance decreases monthly.

To determine

(c)

To find:

The exact value of the base a.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to College Algebra (MindTap Course List)

Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential Growth with Given Initial Value and...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential Decay with Given Initial Value and...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential GrowthAn amount A is initially 10. To...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential GrowthAn amount A is initially 8. To...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential DecayAn amount A is initially 7. To...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 6SBECh. 4.1 - Exponential ChangeAn amount A is initially 8. To...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential changes The initial amount is 4, To...Ch. 4.1 - Function Value from Initial Value and Growth...Ch. 4.1 - Function Value from Initial Value and Growth...Ch. 4.1 - Finding the Growth Factor Suppose that f is an...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential Decay Is the graph of exponential...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential Decay What is the concavity of a graph...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential Growth What is the concavity of a...Ch. 4.1 - Rate of Change What can be said about the rate of...Ch. 4.1 - Exponential Growth Is the graph of exponential...Ch. 4.1 - Changing Units A certain quantity has a yearly...Ch. 4.1 - Changing Units A certain quantity has a yearly...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 19SBECh. 4.1 - Changing UnitsA certain quantity has a yearly...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 21SBECh. 4.2 - TEST YOUR UNERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.4 Suppose...Ch. 4.2 - TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.5 There...Ch. 4.2 - TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.6 You get...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.2 - Making ModelsIn Exercise S-1 through S-4, make an...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2SBECh. 4.2 - Making ModelsIn Exercise S-1 through S-4, make an...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4SBECh. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 12SBECh. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 18SBECh. 4.2 - Prob. 19SBECh. 4.2 - Prob. 20SBECh. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 22SBECh. 4.2 - Prob. 23SBECh. 4.2 - Prob. 24SBECh. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 26SBECh. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 28SBECh. 4.2 - Round each percentage increase or decrease that...Ch. 4.3 - TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.7 The...Ch. 4.3 - TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.8 A snake...Ch. 4.3 - TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.9 A...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 4.3 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 4.3 - Finding exponential formula In Exercise S-1 trough...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2SBECh. 4.3 - Finding an Exponential formula In Exercise S-1...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4SBECh. 4.3 - Finding an Exponential formula In Exercise S-1...Ch. 4.3 - Finding an Exponential formula In Exercise S-1...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 7SBECh. 4.3 - Prob. 8SBECh. 4.3 - Prob. 9SBECh. 4.3 - Prob. 10SBECh. 4.3 - Testing Exponential DataIn Exercises S-8 through...Ch. 4.3 - Testing Exponential DataIn Exercises S-8 through...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 13SBECh. 4.3 - Prob. 14SBECh. 4.3 - Prob. 15SBECh. 4.3 - Testing Exponential DataIn Exercises S-8 through...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 17SBECh. 4.3 - Prob. 18SBECh. 4.3 - Prob. 19SBECh. 4.3 - Prob. 20SBECh. 4.3 - Prob. 21SBECh. 4.4 - TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.10 The...Ch. 4.4 - TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.11 A small...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions. For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions. For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 21ECh. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 23ECh. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4.4 - Special Rounding Instructions For this exercise...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 28ECh. 4.4 - Round all answers to two decimal places....Ch. 4.4 - Round all answers to two decimal places....Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 3SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 5SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 6SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 7SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 8SBECh. 4.4 - Round all answers to two decimal places....Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 10SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 11SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 12SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 13SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 14SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 15SBECh. 4.4 - Round all answers to two decimal places. Using...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 17SBECh. 4.4 - Round all answers to two decimal places. Using...Ch. 4.4 - Round all answers to two decimal places. Using...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 20SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 21SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 22SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 23SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 24SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 25SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 26SBECh. 4.4 - Prob. 27SBECh. 4.4 - Round all answers to two decimal places. Linear or...Ch. 4.5 - TEST YOUR UNDESTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.12 On...Ch. 4.5 - TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.13 The...Ch. 4.5 - TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING | FOR EXAMPLE 4.14 If...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Weight Gain Zoologists have studied the daily rate...Ch. 4.5 - Reaction Time For certain decisions, the time it...Ch. 4.5 - Age of Haddock The age T, in years, of a haddock...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 21ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 22ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 23ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 24ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 25ECh. 4.5 - Richter Scale Exercise S-1 through S-6 use...Ch. 4.5 - Richter Scale Exercise S-1 through S-6 use...Ch. 4.5 - Richter Scale Exercise S-1 through S-6 use...Ch. 4.5 - Richter Scale Exercise S-1 through S-6 use...Ch. 4.5 - Richter Scale Exercise S-1 through S-6 use...Ch. 4.5 - Richter Scale Exercise S-1 through S-6 use...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 7SBECh. 4.5 - The Decibel scale Exercise S-7 through S-10 refer...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 9SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 10SBECh. 4.5 - Calculating Common LogarithmsIn Exercises S-11...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 12SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 13SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 14SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 15SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 16SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 17SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 18SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 19SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 20SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 21SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 22SBECh. 4.5 - Solving Logarithmic Equations In Exercises S-22...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 24SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 25SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 26SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 27SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 28SBECh. 4.5 - How the Logarithm IncreasesIf logx=8.3 and...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 30SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 31SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 32SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 33SBECh. 4.5 - Logarithmic Regression Logarithmic regression...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 35SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 36SBECh. 4.5 - Prob. 37SBECh. 4.CR - Prob. 1CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 2CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 3CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 4CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 5CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 6CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 7CRCh. 4.CR - ReminderRound all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.CR - Prob. 9CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 10CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 11CRCh. 4.CR - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.CR - Prob. 13CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 14CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 15CRCh. 4.CR - Prob. 16CRCh. 4.FR - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.FR - Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places...Ch. 4.FR - Prob. 3ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 4ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 5ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 6ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 7ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 8ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 9ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 10ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 11ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 12ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 13ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 14ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 15ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 16ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 17ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 18ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 19ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 20ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 21ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 22ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 23ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 24ECh. 4.FR - Prob. 25ECh. 4.FR - Illustrative Applications Exercises 23 through 26...
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  • Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. APR and APY Recall that financial institutions sometimes report the annual interest rate that they offer on investments as the APR, often called the nominal interest rate. To indicate how an investment will actually grow, they advertise the annual percentage yield, or APY. In mathematical terms, this is the yearly percentage growth rate for the exponential function that models the account balance. In this exercise and the next, we study the relationship between the APR and the APY. We assume that the APR is 10 or 0.1 as a decimal. To determine the APY when we know the APR, we need to know how often interest is compounded. For example, suppose for the moment that interest is compounded twice a year. Then to say that the APR is 10 means that in half a year, the balance grows by 102 or 5. In other words, the 12-year age growth rate is 0.12 as a decimal. Thus, the 12-year growth factor is 1+0.12. To find the yearly growth factor, we need to perform a unit conversion: One year is 2 half-year periods, so the yearly growth factor is (1+0.12)2, or 1.1025. a. What is the yearly growth factor if interest is compounded four times a year? b. Assume that interest is compounded n times each year. Explain why the formula for the yearly growth factor is (1+0.1n)n. c. What is the yearly growth factor if interest is compounded daily? Give your answer to four decimal places/
    Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. U.S Investment Abroad In 1980, direct U.S. business investment abroad was about 13.5 billion dollars. From 1980 through 2010, that investment grew at an average annual rate of 11.24. a.Make an exponential model that shows the U.S. direct investment aboard A, in billions of dollars, t years after 1980. b.From 1980, how long did it take for U.S. investments abroad to double? c.According to the model, how long would it take from 2010 for investments abroad to double the level present in 2010?
    ReminderRound all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Inflation An economist tracks the price of a certain item at the beginning of several years and compiles the following table. Years Price, in dollars 2013 265.50 2014 273.47 2015 281.67 2016 290.12 a. Show that the price is growing as an exponential function. b. Find an exponential model for the data. c. At the beginning of some year, the price will surpass 325. Use your model to determine which year.
  • Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Gray Wolves in Idaho The report cited in Example 4.6 tells us that in 2009, there were 870 gray wolves in Idaho, but that the population declined by 19 that year. For purposes of this problem, we assume that this 19 annual rate of decrease continues. a. Find an exponential model that gives the wolf population W as function of the time t in years since 2009. b. It is expected that the wolf population cannot recover if there are fewer than 20 individuals. How long must this rate of decline continue for the wolf population to reach 20?
    Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Mobile Phones According to one source, the amount of data passing through mobile phone networks doubles each year. a. Explain why the amount of data passing through mobile phone networks is as exponential function of time. b. Use D0 for the initial amount of data, and find a formula that gives the data D as an exponential function of the time t in years. c. If this trend continues, how long will it be before the amount of data is 100 times its initial value?
    Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Long-Term Population Growth Although exponential growth can often be used to model population growth accurately for some periods of time, there are inevitably, in the long term, limiting factors that make purely exponential models inaccurate. From 1790 to 1860, the U.S. population could be modeled by N=3.931.03tmillion people, where t is the time in years since 1790. If this exponential growth rate had continued until today, what would be the population of the United States have been in 2015? Compare your answer with the actual population of the United States in 2015, which was about 323million.
  • Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Inflation The yearly inflation rate tells the percentage by which prices increase. For example, from 1990 through 2000, the inflation rate in the United States remained stable at amount 3 per year. In 1990, an individual retired on a fixed income of 36,000 per year. Assuming that the inflation rate remains at 3, determine how long it will take for the retirement income to deflate to half its 1990 value. Note: To say that retirement income has deflated to half its 1990 value means that prices have doubled.
    Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Theater Production Data from the Statistical Abstract of the United States show that in 1995, there were 56.61 thousand performances in the United States by nonprofit professional theaters. From 1995 through 2007, this number increased on average by about 10 each year. a.Let P denote the number of performances, in thousands, and let t denote the time in years since 1995. Make an exponential model for P versus t. b.How many performances by non-profit professionals theaters does your model give for 2007? The actual number was 197 thousand.
    Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. How Fast Do Exponential Functions Grow? At age 25, you start to work for a company and are offered two rather fanciful retirement options. Retirement Option 1 When you retire, you will be paid a lump sum of 25,000 for each year of service. Retirement Option 2 When you start to work, the company will deposit 10,000 into an account that pays a monthly interest rate of 1. When you retire, the account will be closed and the balance given to you. Which retirement option is more favorable to you if you retire at age 65? Which retirement option is more favorable if you retire at age 55?
  • Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Account Growth The table below shows the balance B in a savings account, in dollars, in terms of time t, measured as the number of years since the initial deposit was made. Time t Balance B 0 125.00 1 131.25 2 137.81 3 144.70 4 151.94 a. Was the yearly interest rate constant over the first 4 years? If so, explain why and find that rate. If not, explain why not. Round the ratios to two decimal places. b. Estimate B(2.75) and explain in practical terms what your answer means. Assume that interest is compounded and deposited continuously.
    Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Wages A worker is reviewing his pay increases over the past several years. The table below shows the hourly wage W, in dollars, that he earned as a function of time t, measured in years since the beginning of 2000. Time t Wages W 1 15.30 2 15.60 3 15.90 4 16.25 a. By calculating ratios, show that the data in this table are exponential. Round the quotients to two decimal places b. What is the yearly growth factor for the data? c. The worker can't remember what hourly wage he earned at the beginning of 2000. Assuming that W is indeed an exponential function, determine what that hourly wage was? d. Find a formula giving an exponential model for W as a function of t. e. What percentage raise did the worker receive each year? f. Given that prices increased by 26 over the decade of the 2000s your model to determine whether the workers wage increases kept pace with inflation.
    Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Unit conversion with Exponential Growth The exponential growth function N=35001.77d, where d is measured in decades, gives the number of individuals in a certain population. a.Calculate N(1.5) and explain what your answer means. b.What is the percentage growth rate per decade? c.What is the yearly growth factor rounded to three decimal places? What is the yearly percentage growth rate? d.What is the growth factor rounded to two decimal places for a century? What is the percentage growth rate per century?
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