The difference between alpha and beta glucose is to be found out. Concept introduction: Glucose can form either five-membered or six-membered rings. The six-membered ring is much more common, and in solution the vast majority of glucose molecules are found to have six-membered rings. Each molecule of glucose has a carbon backbone with -OH groups and hydrogen atoms attached to it. At the top of the chain, an oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom; collectively, these two atoms are called a carbonyl group. The carbon backbone of the glucose molecule can coil up so that an -OH group near the bottom end of the chain attacks the carbonyl carbon and the glucose molecule forms a ring. This ring-shaped structure is the cyclic form of glucose, while the straight chain structure is the linear form.

Question

What is the ratio of concentrations of the two conformations at 25 °C? (Calculate the ratio as the conformation present in a higher concentration over the lower one.)

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4.SE, Problem 26VC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The difference between alpha and beta glucose is to be found out.

Concept introduction:

Glucose can form either five-membered or six-membered rings. The six-membered ring is much more common, and in solution the vast majority of glucose molecules are found to have six-membered rings.

Each molecule of glucose has a carbon backbone with -OH groups and hydrogen atoms attached to it. At the top of the chain, an oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom; collectively, these two atoms are called a carbonyl group. The carbon backbone of the glucose molecule can coil up so that an -OH group near the bottom end of the chain attacks the carbonyl carbon and the glucose molecule forms a ring. This ring-shaped structure is the cyclic form of glucose, while the straight chain structure is the linear form.

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What is the ratio of concentrations of the two conformations at 25 °C? (Calculate the ratio as the conformation present in a higher concentration over the lower one.)

When a pyranose is in the chair conformation in which the CH2OH group and the C-1 OH group are both in axial positions, the two groups can react to form an acetal. This is called the anhydro form of the sugar (it has “lost water”). The anhydro form of D-idose is shown here. Explain why about 80% of d-idose exists in the anhydro form in an aqueous solution at 100 °C, but only about 0.1% of D-glucose exists in the anhydro form under the same conditions.

When a pyranose is in the chair conformation in which the CH2OH group and the C-1 OH group are both in axial positions, the two groups can react toform an acetal. This is called the anhydro form of the sugar (it has “lost water”). The anhydro form of d-idose is shown here. Explain why about 80% of d-idose exists in the anhydro form in an aqueous solution at 100 °C, but only about 0.1% of d-glucose exists in the anhydro form under the same conditions.