The bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a disease characterized by severe diarrhea that may cause infected people to lose up to 20 L of fluid in a day. The bacterium enters the body when someone drinks contaminated water. It adheres to the intestinal lining, where it causes cells of the lining to release sodium and chloride ions. Explain how this release is related to the massive fluid loss.

The bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a disease characterized by severe diarrhea that may cause infected people to lose up to 20 L of fluid in a day. The bacterium enters the body when someone drinks contaminated water. It adheres to the intestinal lining, where it causes cells of the lining to release sodium and chloride ions. Explain how this release is related to the massive fluid loss.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ACR: When William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to...

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When William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to swiftly set up adequate temporary shelter, he developed severe diarrhea. He was diagnosed as having cholera, a disease transmitted through unsanitary water supplies contaminated by fecal material from infected indiv iduals. The toxin produced by cholera bacteria causes Cl- channels in the lurninal membranes of the intestinal cells to stay open, thereby increasing the secretion of Cl- from the cells into the intestinal tract lumen. By what mechanisms would Na+ and water be secreted into the lumen in conjunction with Cl- secretion? How does this secretory response account for the severe diarrhea that is characteristic of cholera?
Hyperkalemia is associated with the inability of the kidneys to properly filter potassium out of the blood. Which type of membrane transport do the kidneys use to filter the blood? A. Hydrostatic pressure B. Osmotic pressure C. Filtration D. Active diffusion
Active transport moves substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration of that substance.
For osmosis in science, if you gargle with salt water why does your throat stop hurting?
Using the principles of osmosis, explain why movement of Na + through a plasma membrane is followed by movement of water. Use this concept to explain the rationale on which oral rehydration therapy is based.
Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of ______ A. Group of answer choices B. bicarbonate C. sodium and chloride. D. sodium and phosphate. E. chloride and potassium. F. potassium and phosphate.
Severe vomiting and diarrhea cause a loss of water and solutes from extracellular fluids. If the person was given only water, what effect would this have on the solute concentration of the extracellular fluids? Would osmosis results in water entering or leaving cells?
the constant balancing act to remain an appropriate amount of solutes and water inside each cell a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. metabolism d. osmoregulation e. facilitated diffusion
Transport of a substance across membranes that requires no direct input of energy is referred to as _____________ transport.
Osmotically active substances are called _____________.
Glucose is transported across the cell membrane of intestinal cells. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? A facilitated diffusion B simple diffusion C osmosis D concentration gradient
Which of the following will saturate as solute concentration increases? a. Transport of sucrose down its concentration gradient by the carrier protein GLUT2 b. Transport of chloride ions out of the endoplasmic reticulum and into the cytoplasm via a channel protein c. Engulfing of a pathogen by a white blood cell during an immune response d. All of the above