Test Prep Workbook for AP Chemistry The Central Science 13th Edition
Test Prep Workbook for AP Chemistry The Central Science 13th Edition
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780133598025
Author: Edward L. Waterman
Publisher: Pearson Education
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Question
Chapter 5, Problem 1DE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The chemical equations corresponds to the ΔGf0 for NH3(g) and for CO(g) .

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The chemical equation corresponds to ΔGf0 for NH3(g) is,

    12N2(g)+32H2(g)NH3(g)

The chemical equation corresponds to ΔGf0 for CO(g) is,

    C(s)+12O2(g)CO(g)

Explanation of Solution

The chemical equation corresponds to the ΔGf0 means the equation in which only one mole of product is formed.
The chemical equation corresponds to the formation of NH3(g) is,

    N2(g)+H2(g)NH3(g)

Since, one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms are required to form one mole of NH3(g) . Therefore, nitrogen in the above equation is multiplied by 12 and the hydrogen in the above equation is multiplied by 32 .

    12N2(g)+32H2(g)NH3(g)

The chemical equation corresponds to the formation of CO(g) is,

    C(s)+O2(g)CO(g)

Since, one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms are required to form one mole of CO(g) . Therefore, oxygen in the above equation is multiplied by 12 .

    C(s)+12O2(g)CO(g)

Conclusion


The chemical equation corresponds to ΔGf0 for NH3(g) is,

    12N2(g)+32H2(g)NH3(g)

The chemical equation corresponds to ΔGf0 for CO(g) is,

    C(s)+12O2(g)CO(g)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The formation reaction for which the value of ΔGf0 is more positive than ΔHf0 out of the given reactions.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The value ΔGf0 is more positive than ΔHf0 for the formation of NH3(g) .

Explanation of Solution

Given

The chemical equation corresponds to ΔGf0 for NH3(g) is,

    12N2(g)+32H2(g)NH3(g)

The chemical equation corresponds to ΔGf0 for CO(g) is,

    C(s)+12O2(g)CO(g)

The reaction of formation of ammonia involves the formation of one gaseous product by two gaseous reactants which results in decrease in entropy. This results in the more positive value of ΔGf0 in comparison to ΔHf0 .
The reaction of formation of carbon monoxide involves the formation of one gaseous product by one gaseous and one solid reactant which results in increase in entropy. This results in the more negative value of ΔGf0 in comparison to ΔHf0 .

Conclusion


The value ΔGf0 is more positive than ΔHf0 for the formation of NH3(g) .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The conditions in which the value of ΔGf0 is more positive than ΔHf0 out of the given conditions.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The conditions when ΔSf0 is negative, the value of ΔGf0 is more positive than ΔHf0 that corresponds to option (iii).

Explanation of Solution

The relation between ΔGf0 and ΔHf0 is defined by the formula,

    ΔG0=ΔH0TΔS0

Where,

  • ΔS0 is the standard entropy change of the process.
  • ΔH0 is the standard enthalpy change of the process.
  • ΔG0 is the standard free energy change of the process.
  • T is the temperature of the process.

The given conditions can be explained as follows;

  1. At high temperature conditions the value of standard free energy change of the given reaction will be more negative as compared to the standard enthalpy change as per the above formula.
  2. The reversible reaction contains negative value of standard free energy change for the spontaneous reaction and the positive value of ΔG0 for the reverse reaction.
  3. At the conditions of negative ΔSf0 value, the value of ΔGf0 will be more positive as compared to ΔHf0 .

Conclusion


The conditions when ΔSf0 is negative, the value of ΔGf0 is more positive than ΔHf0 that corresponds to option (iii).

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Chapter 5 Solutions

Test Prep Workbook for AP Chemistry The Central Science 13th Edition

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