Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The chirality of the given objects is to be discussed.
Concept introduction:
The objects that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral objects.
The objects that are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects. These objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.
Answer to Problem 1PP
Solution:
a) Achiral
b) Achiral
c) Chiral
d) Chiral
e) Chiral
f) Achiral
g) Chiral
h) Achiral
Explanation of Solution
a) A screwdriver
A screwdriver is an achiral object as it forms superimposable mirror images. A screwdriver has a plane of symmetry passing through its longitudinal axis. This makes it a symmetric object, superimposable with its mirror images, which makes it achiral.
So, a screwdriver is an achiral object.
b) A baseball bat
A baseball bat is an achiral object as it has a plane of symmetry, which makes it a symmetric object, superimposable with its mirror images. It forms superimposable mirror image due to which it is said to be an achiral object.
So, a baseball bat is an achiral object.
c) A golf club
A golf club is a chiral object because the mirror images of a golf club are non-superimposable due to which it is asymmetric and hence, shows chirality.
So, a golf club is a chiral object.
d) A tennis shoe
A tennis shoe is a chiral object as it shows asymmetric behaviour. The mirror images of a tennis shoe are non-superimposable on the original image due to its curvature toward the tip of the shoe, which makes it asymmetrical and hence, shows chirality.
So, a tennis shoe is a chiral object.
e) An ear
An ear is a chiral object because the mirror images of an ear are nonsuperimposable on the original image and are not identical with its mirror image, due to which it is asymmetric and hence, shows chirality.
So, an ear is a chiral object.
f) A woodscrew
A woodscrew is an achiral object as it shows symmetry. The mirror image of a woodscrew is superimposable on the original image along an axis of symmetry, due to which it is a symmetric molecule and hence shows an achirality.
So, a woodscrew is an achiral object.
g) A car
A car consists of many objects, such as two front seats, a dashboard, and a steering wheel. A car is a chiral object because the mirror images of these interiors are nonsuperimposable on the original image and not identical with their mirror image, due to which a car is asymmetric and hence shows chirality.
So, a car is a chiral object
IF considering only the outer morphology of the car, it is symmetric along an axis, superimposing its mirror image and making it an achiral molecule.
h) A hammer
Superimposable mirror images are formed by a hammer. A hammer has a plane of symmetry, which makes it a symmetric object. Also, it is superimposable with its mirror images, which makes it achiral.
So, a hammer is an achiral object.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Does bromochloromethane contain a plane of symmetry? is it a chiral?arrow_forwardIdentify whether the compound below is chiral or achiral. Give reasons and explanation.arrow_forwardDraw three-dimensional representations of the following compounds. Which have asymmetric carbon atoms? Which have no asymmetric carbons but are chiral anyway? Use your models for parts (a) through (d) and any others that seem unclear.1,3-dichloropropadienearrow_forward
- Shown below is Streptomycin, an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, plague, and endocarditis. Neomycin B has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Circle and label as many functional groups in these molecules as you can. Label each chiral carbon in Streptomycin. How many total stereoisomers exist for Streptomycin? Label each chiral carbon in Neomycin B. How many total stereoisomers exist for Neomycin B?arrow_forwardCalculate the degrees of unsaturation of the following molecular formula, and propose two(2) valid structures. C9H8O C10H8NBr C12H19NO3arrow_forwardConsider (2R,3R)-2,3-dioidobutane: (a)Draw a Fischer Projection of this structure with C1 on top and C4 on bottom. (b)Draw a Newman Projection of of the meso compound of 2,3-dibromobutane looking down the C2-C3 bondwith C2 in front, and label your asymmetric carbons as S or R.arrow_forward
- Assign the absolute configuration of all molecules. Draw the most stable conformer in Newman projects with respect to bond C2-C3; for both a) and b). Draw Fisher projections for all molecules. do in detail completearrow_forwardImagine that this worksheet has sucked you the plane of the page, and you are now facing the indicated bond of the drawn molecule. a. Draw the six main Newman projections for the indicated bond: three eclipsed, three staggered. b. Label which conformers are eclipsed ands taggered.c. Identify the most and least stable conformer, and explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardThe NMR spectrum of bromocyclohexane indicates a low field signal (1H) at δ 4.16. To room temperature, this signal is a singlet, but at -75 ° C it separates into two peaks of unequal area (but totaling one proton): δ 3.97 and δ 4.64, in ratio 4.6: 1.0. How do you explain the doubling in two peaks? According to the generalization of the previous problem, what conformation of the molecule predominates (at -75 ° C)? What percentage of the molecules does it correspond to? Solve all parts otherwise down vote and hand written solutionarrow_forward
- Following is a planar hexagon representation of L-fucose, a sugar component of the determinants of the A, B, O blood group typing. For more on this system of blood typing, see Chemical Connections: A, B, AB, and O Blood Group Substances in Chapter 25. (a) Draw the alternative chair conformations of L-fucose. (b) Which of them is more stable? Explain.arrow_forward(a) Draw all other stereoisomers of the molecule , labelling meso forms (if any), and assign descriptors to chiral carbon atoms. (b) Including molecule below, label pairs of enantiomers and pairs of diastereomers. (c) If you were to distill a mixture of all the isomers, how many fractions could be obtained, and what is in each fraction?arrow_forwardThe original definition of meso is “an achiral compound that has chiral diastereomers.” Our working definition of meso is “an achiral compound that has chiral centers (usually asymmetric carbon atoms).” The working definition is much easier to apply because we don’t have to envision all possible chiral diastereomers of the compound. Still, the working definition is not quite as complete as the original definition. Show how cis-cyclooctene is defined as a meso compound under the original definition, but not under our working definition.arrow_forward
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning