Chapter 5, Problem 1PS

Define the terms system and surroundings. What does it mean to say that a system and its surroundings are in thermal equilibrium?

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

System and the surroundings should be defined and also state what is meant by system and surroundings are in thermal equilibrium.

Concept Introduction:

System is nothing, but the subject under study. Whereas, surroundings are everything that comes other than system.

Explanation of Solution

The system is defined as an object or a collection of object, being studied. The surroundings are defined as everything outside the system that can exchange energy or matter with the surroundings. For example, if we are studying about solar system then, solar system is the system under study and rest of the galaxy would be the surroundings.

Energy is being transferred between the system and the surroundings. When the object has reached the same temperature then it is said to be in thermal equilibrium. For example, Energy transfers as heat from the hotter metallic cylinder to cooler water. Eventually the water and the metal reach the same temperature, then it is said to be in thermal equilibrium.

Conclusion

System and the surroundings was defined and system and surroundings are in thermal equilibrium was stated