Chapter 5, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: The cells are the structural and fundamental units of an organism that require energy for growth, development, reproduction, and defense.

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer: The cells obey the laws of thermodynamics. Hence, option c. is the correct answer.

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct statement:

The first law of thermodynamics says that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it only transfers from one form to another form. In a cell, the chemical energy is transferred into mechanical energy and then heat energy. In a living system such as in a cell, the second law of thermodynamic states that the capture and storage or use of energy is never 100 percent by the living cells. The energy is lost as a disordered and metabolic heat. Hence, option c. is the correct answer.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “cells can produce their own energy from nothing”. Cells cannot produce energy on their own from nothing. They use living and nonliving components of the environment to obtain their own energy. Hence, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as “cells use energy only to generate heat and move molecules around”. Cells use energy to carry out several metabolic pathways in the body. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “most animals obtain energy from minerals to fuel their metabolic needs”. Minerals cannot provide energy directly. Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, option a., b., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

The cells obey the laws of thermodynamics.