Concept explainers
Consider the following sketch. Each square in bulb A represents a mole of atoms X. Each circle in bulb B represents a mole of atoms Y. The bulbs have the same volume, and the temperature is kept constant. When the valve is opened, atoms of X react with atoms of Y according to the following equation:
(a) If
(b) Redraw the sketch to represent what happens after the valve is opened.
(c) What is PA? What is PB? What is
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
- When calcium carbonate is heated strongly, it evolves carbon dioxide gas. CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g) 25 g of CaCO3 is heated, what mass of CO2would be produced? What volume would this quantity of CO2 (CU at STP?arrow_forwardMany cereals are made with high moisture content so that the cereal can be formed into various shapes before it is dried. A cereal product containing 58% H2O by mass is produced at the rate of 1000. kg/h. What mass of water must be evaporated per hour if the final product contains only 20.% water?arrow_forward3.50 A test of an automobile engine's exhaust revealed that g of NO2 was emitted in 10 minutes of operation. How many moles of NO2 would this engine release if it were used for a 45-minute commute, assuming that this mea- sured number is representative of the emission under all circumstances?arrow_forward
- Magnesium ribbon reacts with acid to produce hydro- gen gas and magnesium ions. Different masses of magnesium ribbon are added to 10 mL of the acid. The volume of the hydrogen gas obtained is a measure of the number of moles of hydrogen produced by the reaction. Various measurements are given in the table below. (a) Draw a graph of the results by plotting the mass of Mg versus the volume of the hydrogen gas. (b) What is the limiting reactant in experiment 1? (c) What is the limiting reactant in experiment 3? (d) What is the limiting reactant in experiment 6? (e) Which experiment uses stoichiometric amounts of each reactant? (f) What volume of gas would be obtained if 0.300 g of Mg ribbon were used? If 0.010 g were used?arrow_forward62 Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), NH4N(NO2)2, was considered as a possible replacement for aluminium chloride as the oxidizer in the solid fuel booster rockets used to launch the space shuttle. When detonated by a spark, AND rapidly decomposes to produce a gaseous mixture of N2,O2, and H2O. (This is not a combustion reaction. The ADN is the only reactant.) The reaction releases a lot of heat, so the gases are initially formed at high temperature and pressure. The thrust of the rocket results mainly from the expansion of this gas mixture. Suppose a 2.3-kg sample of ADN is denoted and decomposes completely to give N2,O2, and H2O. If the resulting gas mixture expands until it reaches a temperature of 100°C and a pressure of 1.00 atm, what volume will it occupy? Is your answer consistent with the proposed use of ADN as a rocket fuel?arrow_forwardThe space shuttle environmental control system handles excess CO2 (which the astronauts breathe out; it is 4.0% by mass of exhaled air) by reacting it with lithium hydroxide, LiOH, pellets to form lithium carbonate, Li2CO3, and water. If there are seven astronauts on board the shuttle, and each exhales 20. L of air pee minute, how long could clean air be generated if there were 25,000 g of LiOH pellets available for each shuttle mission? Assume the density of air is 0.0010 g/mL.arrow_forward
- 3.115 The average person exhales 1.0 kg of carbon dioxide in a day. Describe how you would estimate the number of CO2 molecules exhaled per breath for this average person.arrow_forward89 A number of compounds containing the heavier noble gases, and especially xenon, have been prepared. One of these is xenon hexafluoride (XeF6), which can be prepared by heating a mixture of xenon and fluoride gases. XeF6 is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and melts at about 325 K. A mixture of 0.0600 g of Xe and 0.0304 g of F2 is sealed into a 100.0-mL bulb. (The bulb is heated, and the reaction goes to completion. Then the sealed bulb is cooled back to 20.0°C. What will be the final pressure in the bulb, expressed in torr?arrow_forwardWhen white phosphorus burns in air, it produces phosphorus(V) oxide. P4(s)+5O2(g)P4O10(s);H=3010kJ What is H for the following equation? P4O10(s)P4(s)+5O2(g)arrow_forward
- Nitric acid is produced commercially by the Ostwald process, represented by the following equations: 4NH3(g)+5O24NO(g)+6H2O(g)2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g)3NO2(g)+H2O(l)2HNO3(aq)+NO(g) What mass of NH3 must be used to produce 1.0 106 kg HNO3 by the Ostwald process? Assume 100% yield in each reaction, and assume that the NO produced in the third step is not recycled.arrow_forwardCyclopropane mixed in the proper ratio with oxygen can be used as an anesthetic. At 755 mm Hg and 25C, it has a density of 1.71 g/L. (a) What is the molar mass of cyclopropane? (b) Cyclopropane is made up of 85.7% C and 14.3% H. What is the molecular formula of cyclopropane?arrow_forwardSulfur hexafluoride, SF6, is an extremely dense gas. How does its density compare with the density of air? Use a molar mass for air of 29.0 g/mol.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning