Chapter 5, Problem S2.8BYB

Summary Introduction

To understand:

The role of DNA in a cell.

Introduction:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid which stores the genetic instructions essential for the function and development of living things. DNA plays a central role in life on Earth. All the living organisms have the DNA as genetic material.

Explanation of Solution

The DNA is the main component of the cells, which determines all the characteristics. It is the component that stores the hereditary information and determines the function of the cells/organisms.

The main functions of the DNA are given below:

1. Storage of genetic information and gene expression: The DNA stores the genetic information of an organism. The genes are the unit of inheritance; it is the sequence of DNA that determines a particular trait. The genetic information determines all the body function and the body structures.

2. Replication: The DNA is involved in replication, which help the division of the DNA in the dividing cells.

3. Mutation and evolution. The DNA is the component, which transfers all the characteristics of one generation to the next generation. The mutation is the changes in the DNA sequence, which can be inherited in the next generation. The mutation is the main reason of evolution.

4. Recombination and genetic variation: The recombination causes the shuffling of the gene between the homologous pairs. Hence, it results in genetic variation among individuals.

Conclusion

The major function of the DNA includes storage of genetic information and gene expression, replication, mutation and evolution, recombination, and genetic variation.