Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 50, Problem 3ITD
Summary Introduction

To review:

The defect that has more than twice the risk in the multiple-birth group in comparison to the single-birth group.

Introduction:

In Florida, from the year 1996 to 2000, a study was conducted on live births. This study was made on the risk factor of birth defects in children born per 10,000 live births. It was observed that the birth defects had a higher risk value in the multiple-birth group. The prevalence of these birth defects was comparatively lower in the single-birth group.

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  • Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?
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    when a woman is injected with an egg fertilized in vitro, the probability of its implanting is 20 percent. If a woman is injected with five eggs simultaneously, what is the probability that she will become pregnant?
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