Chapter 5.2, Problem 11R

To determine

The method which of thermal energy transfer would be faster through a vacuum, a gas and a solid.

Answer to Problem 11R

Vacuum contains radiation, gas contains convection and the solid contains conduction property.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

The vacuum has no particle inside. The gas has particle with low molecular bond and so the particle moves around. The solid has strong molecular bond in its particles.

In vacuum, the heat is transfers by radiation due to the lack of medium. In gas, the heat is carried by gas particles and its diffusion takes place which is called convection. In solid, the heat is transferred through the particles by a process called conduction in which the molecules of solid carries heat from one part to other part of the solid.

Conclusion:

Hence, the vacuum contains radiation, gas contains convection and the solid contains conduction property.