Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 53, Problem 15TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: The application of Charles Darwin’s four main observations of the natural selection process that are heritable variations among individuals in a population, overproduction of offspring, limits on population growth, and differential reproductive success that tend to fit the concepts of r and K selection.
Introduction: The concept of r and K selection deals with the selection of traits. The concept was proposed by Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson in the year 1967.
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In developing his scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, Charles Darwin considered four main observations: heritable variation among individuals in a population, overproduction of offspring, limits on populationgrowth, and differential reproductive success. Compare how these observations may apply to populations that tend to fit the concepts of r selection and K selection
The Galapagos finches' response to changing environmental conditions.
Research Notes: (focus on how and why the population changed over time)▪Step by step explanation of how a population can change over time, using your example▪Description of inherited variation within the population▪Explanation of why some individuals isbetter able to survive and produce offspring.▪A description of the adaptation that is being favored by natural selection▪Data to support explanations
Which aspect(s) of natural selection is(are) illustrated by the figure below? Check ALL answers that apply.
A.
Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation.
B.
Variation must exist in a population.
C.
Variation among individuals leads to differences in lifetime reproductive success.
D.
More individuals are produced each generation than the environment can support, resulting in competition for survival.
Chapter 53 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 53.1 - Define population density and dispersion, and...Ch. 53.1 - What is the difference between population density...Ch. 53.1 - What are some biological advantages of a clumped...Ch. 53.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 53.2 - Define intrinsic rate of increase and carrying...Ch. 53.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 53.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 53.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 53.3 - Contrast the influences of density-dependent and...Ch. 53.3 - What are three examples of density-dependent...
Ch. 53.3 - What are three density-independent factors?Ch. 53.4 - Contrast semelparous and iteroparous reproduction.Ch. 53.4 - Distinguish among species exhibiting an r...Ch. 53.4 - Prob. 7LOCh. 53.4 - What are the advantages of semelparity? of...Ch. 53.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 53.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 53.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 53.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 53.6 - Prob. 9LOCh. 53.6 - Prob. 10LOCh. 53.6 - Distinguish between people overpopulation and...Ch. 53.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 53.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 53.6 - How can a single child born in the United States...Ch. 53 - Population _______________ is the number of...Ch. 53 - The per capita growth rate of a population where...Ch. 53 - The maximum rate at which a population could...Ch. 53 - When r is a positive number, the population size...Ch. 53 - In a graph of population size versus time, a...Ch. 53 - The largest population that can be maintained by a...Ch. 53 - Giant bamboos live many years without reproducing,...Ch. 53 - Predation, disease, and competition are examples...Ch. 53 - _______________ competition occurs within a...Ch. 53 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 53 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 53 - Which of the following patterns of cars parked...Ch. 53 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 53 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 53 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 53 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 53 - Prob. 17TYUCh. 53 - Prob. 18TYUCh. 53 - Prob. 19TYUCh. 53 - INTERPRET DATA Consider the age structure diagrams...Ch. 53 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY In what ways has...
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- INTERPRET DATA The genotype frequencies of a population are determined to be 0.6 BB. 0.0 Bb, and 0.4 bb. Is it likely that this population meets all the conditions required for genetic equilibrium?arrow_forwardHow Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? Explain the connection between changes in population allele frequencies and evolution, and relate this to the observations made by Wallace and Darwin concerning natural selection.arrow_forwardNatural and sexual selection both lead to evolution, but these processes can work against each other. Differentiate between these two forms of selection and give an example of a situation where natural selection reduces mate choice and sexual selection reduces survival.arrow_forward
- Suppose that recessive deleterious allele is found to be much less common than its predicted equilibrium frequency, based on the selection coefficient and mutation rate measured in modern populations. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? Note that, when selection or mutation rates change, it may take hundred of generations for population to reach its new equilibrium. A. Selection against the allele was weaker in the past than today B. Mutation rates were higher in the past C. Heterozygote advantage in some environments D. Increases lifespans have made the allele more deleterious now than it was in the Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised pleasearrow_forwardA. Use the genotype frequencies, relative fitness, and the mean relative fitness to calculate the genotype frequencies expected to be found in the next generation Show your work, include 3 decimals. p2’ = 2pq’ = q2’ = B. Is natural selection acting in this population in this new environment?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE? Select one: a. Genetic drift is more likely to occur in a small population. b. Random mating occurs when individuals pair by chance. c. The dominant allele is always the most common allele in the gene pool. d. Evolution can be detected by noting a deviation from a Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population.arrow_forward
- Match the evidence/observations with the concepts that make up natural selection 1.A California Poppy field has a mixture of plants that produce orange flowers and plants that produce yellow flowers. 2.Flower color is determined by a gene that exhibits complete dominance with the allele for orange petals dominant over the allele for white petals. 3.Orange flowers attracted twice as many Beetle pollinators as white flowers A.There is variation among individuals in a population. B.Variation in a population is genetic. C.Some individuals in the population are more successful at surviving and reproducing.arrow_forwardHow can Darwin's finches explain natural selection and descent with modification? What is another example of natural selection and descent with modification? In both of your answers, you should describe the trait that was selected for/against and why this trait was an advantage/disadvantage. Plus, state how natural selection changed the population over time.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about natural selection is a misconception? a.Most species don't produce more offspring than the environment can support b.Natural selection acts on heritable variations in a population c.Natural selection involves differential reproductive success d.Natural selection occurs as a result of competition among individuals in a population e.In natural selection, traits that are favoured depend on current environmental conditionsarrow_forward
- What is true of populations that are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? a. Organisms are constantly migrating. b. Mating is random. c. The populations must be very small. d. Natural selection is occurring.arrow_forwardBook: Greatest Show on Earth Answer both question below. Explain what Dawkins says selection is acting on in chapter 2 and how that variation is distributed throughout a population (gene pool) (blending vs. independent assortment). -150 word minimum In chapter 3, Dawkins suggests that selection is powerful yet unconscious of its actions ("without any understanding at all"). He uses a variety of examples to highlight how various organisms drive selection, sometimes consciously and sometimes unconsciously, by mediating the breeding process. Using one of the examples explain how some organisms unconsciously drive the selection of others. -150 word minimumarrow_forwardMatch the following examples with the type of natural selection they are describing: .A Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive selection C. Directional selection Natural selection selecting against very high and very low testosterone levels in a population, leading to relatively stable testosterone levels over time A finch species arriving to an island with only insects and large seeds, with natural selection favoring very thin and very thick beaks, but not medium beaks. A population of bacteria evolving to have an increasingly higher resistance against antibiotics A rodent population evolving to a progressively smaller size to enable better thermoregulationarrow_forward
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