Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 55, Problem 10TYU
Test Your Understanding
10 The periodic warming of surface waters of the tropical eastern Pacific that alters both oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns is known as (a) upwelling (b) prevailing wind (c) ocean current (d) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (e) Coriolis effect
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MAKE CONNECTIONS What do climate change (seeConcept 1.1 and Concept 3.2) and ocean acidificationhave in common?
1Which of the following is NOT a consequence of global climate change?
coral bleaching
more ice at the North and South Poles
increases in diseases such as malaria and dengue fever
rising sea levels
2How do scientists determine the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide that existed on Earth hundreds or thousands of years ago?
They deduce it from the carbon dioxide content of fossil fuels.
They measure it from bubbles of gas trapped in Antarctic ice cores.
They estimate it from the numbers of carbon-based life forms that existed over time.
They calculate carbon dioxide levels from the temperature records.
Scientists do not know the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide thousands of years ago.
3The two factors that are responsible for the climate of an area are:
the number and size of different kinds of species
the position of the area in relation to island chains
the elevation of the area, and its tree cover
the amount of rainfall and temperature.
the…
We learned an ironic twist to the story of global warming while watching the film: Ice and Brimstone: Years of Living Dangerously. What was it?
a. That an increase in erupting volcanoes was another extreme weather event.
b. That running wind mills pollutes more than coal plants.
c. That oil refineries were one of the largest contributors to research in clean energy.
d. That melting ice in the arctic was revealing new deposits of coal to be mined.
Chapter 55 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 55.1 - Summarize the concept of energy flow through a...Ch. 55.1 - Explain typical pyramids of numbers, biomass, and...Ch. 55.1 - Distinguish between gross primary productivity and...Ch. 55.1 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram tracing energy flow...Ch. 55.1 - What are trophic levels, and how are they related...Ch. 55.1 - How do gross primary productivity (GPP) and net...Ch. 55.2 - Describe the main steps in each of these...Ch. 55.2 - What are the roles of the following processes in...Ch. 55.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram showing the five steps in...Ch. 55.2 - How does the phosphorus cycle proceed without a...
Ch. 55.3 - Summarize the effects of solar energy on Earths...Ch. 55.3 - Discuss the roles of solar energy and the Coriolis...Ch. 55.3 - Give two causes of regional precipitation...Ch. 55.3 - Discuss the effects of fire on certain ecosystems.Ch. 55.3 - What basic forces determine the circulation of the...Ch. 55.3 - What basic forces produce the main ocean currents?Ch. 55.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 55.4 - Briefly describe some of the long-term ecological...Ch. 55.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 55 - The movement of matter is _______________ in...Ch. 55 - A complex of interconnected food chains in an...Ch. 55 - The quantitative estimate of the total amount of...Ch. 55 - Which of the following equations shows the...Ch. 55 - Which of the following processes increase(s) the...Ch. 55 - In the nitrogen cycle, gaseous nitrogen is...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 7. The conversion of...Ch. 55 - Which biogeochemical cycle does not have a gaseous...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 9. Which of the following...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 10 The periodic warming of...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 11 A mountain range may...Ch. 55 - VISUALIZE Draw the simplest stable ecosystem you...Ch. 55 - PREDICT How might a food web change if all...Ch. 55 - Why is the cycling of matter essential to the...Ch. 55 - What would happen to the nitrogen cycle if all...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 16 Would the microclimate...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 17 INTERPRET DATA Examine...Ch. 55 - INTERTRET DATA Scientists have compiled databases...Ch. 55 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY How do humans...
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- Test Your Understanding 11 A mountain range may produce a downwind arid (a) upwelling (b) rain shadow (c) ocean current (d) microclimate (e) ecological pyramidarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 16 Would the microclimate of an ant be the same as that of an elephant living in the same area? Why or why not?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 17. EVOLUTION LINK Scientists have proposed various initiatives to detect water vapor, as well as oxygen and carbondioxide, in the atmospheres of distant planets. Which of these biosignatures (chemical markers that are evidence for life) would you consider the most fundamental indicator that life could have evolved on these planets? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- what animals and plants in the ocean do you think would be most affected by climate change?arrow_forwardExplain why climate is important for determining the distributions of organisms across the planet. Focus your discussion to large scale processes and the distribution of biomesarrow_forwardWhat evidence led researchers to the conclusion that the Earth’s climate has warmed during the past few centuries?arrow_forward
- Give at least five (5) insights about ocean Basinarrow_forwardThe earth is about 4.6 billion years old. Based on the formation of seafloor spreading, why do you think that the oldest ocean floor is only about 200 million years old?arrow_forwardEVOLUTION CONNECTION Some biologists have suggestedthat ecosystems are emergent, “living” systems capable ofevolving. One manifestation of this idea is environmentalistJames Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, which views Earth itself asa living, homeostatic entity—a kind of superorganism. Areecosystems capable of evolving? If so, would this be a form ofDarwinian evolution? Why or why not? Explain.arrow_forward
- . WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Global warming isoccurring rapidly in arctic marine and terrestrial ecosystems.The reflective white snow and ice cover are melting quicklyand extensively, uncovering darker-colored ocean water, plants,and rocks. In a short essay (100–150 words), explain how thisprocess might exemplify positive feedback.arrow_forwardNO NEED EXPLANATIONS 1.The zone of the earth that is divided into rigid plates is the: a.atmosphere b.lithosphere c.tectosphere d.biosphere 2. The crater of the volcano will glow due to the presence of lava prior to eruption. a.TRUE b.FALSEarrow_forwardFully explain your rationale and reasoning behind your answer choice. Q:Which of the following is the main reason for global sea level rise? Group of answer choices A. Melting of polar ice B. Melting of glaciers C. Thermal expansion of sea water D. Increased precipitation Q: Which of the following is an example of phenological mismatch? Group of answer choices A. A fungi will only fruit (i.e., form mushrooms) during the rainy season B. Hummingbirds migrate northward in the spring but arrive before nectar-bearing flowers are blooming. C. Lions from a pride on the savannah capture many young wildebeest during the prey's migration D. Mayflies hatch in the Allegheny and swarm the banks in mid-summer.arrow_forward
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