Concept explainers
Reminder Round all the answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated.
Traffic Accidents The following table shows the rate
Speed s | Accident rate R |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a. Use regression to find a quadratic model for the data.
b. Calculate
c. At what speed is vehicular involvement in traffic accidents (for commercial vehicles driving at night on urban streets) at a minimum?
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 5 Solutions
Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
- Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Defense SpendingData about recent federal defense spending are given in the accompanying Statistical Abstract of the United States table. Here t denotes the time, in years, since 1990 and D denotes federal defense spending, in billions of dollars. a.Calculate the average yearly rate of change in defense spending from 1990 to 1995. b.Use your answer from part a to estimate D(3), and explain what it means. t= Years since 1990 D= Spending billions of dollars 0 328.4 5 310.0 10 341.5 15 565.5 20 843.8 c.Calculate the average yearly rate of change in defense spending from 2005 to 2010. d.Use your answer form part c to estimate the value of D(22).arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Yellowfin Tuna Data were collected comparing the weight W, in pounds, of a yellowfin tuna to its length L, in centimeters. These data are presented in the following table. L=Length W=Weight 70 14.3 80 21.5 90 30.8 100 42.5 110 56.8 120 74.1 130 94.7 140 119 160 179 180 256 a. What is the average rate of change, in weight per centimeter of length, in going from a length of 100 centimeters to a length of 110 centimeters? b. What is the average rate of change, in weight per centimeter of length, in going from 160 to 180 centimeters? c. Judging from the data in the table, does an extra centimeter of length make more difference in weight for a small tuna or for a large tuna? d. Use the average rate of change to estimate the weight of a yellowtuna fish that is 167 centimeters long? e. What is the average rate of change, in length per pound of weight, in going from a weight of 179 pounds to a weight of 256 pounds? f. What would you expect to be the length of a yellow tuna weighing 225 pounds?arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Choosing a Bat A chart from Dicks sporting Goods gives the recommended bat length B in inches for a man weighing between 161 and 170 pounds as a function of his height h in inches. The table is partially reproduced on the next page. h=Height B=Batlength 4548 30 4952 31 5356 31 5760 32 6164 32 6568 33 6972 33 73+ 33 a. Explain in practical terms the meaning of B(55) and give its value. b. Use functional notation to express the recommended bat length for a man weighing between 161 and 170 pounds if his height is 63inches.arrow_forward
- Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. New Construction The following table shows the value B, in billions of dollars, of new construction put in place in the United States during the year t. t=Year B=Value billions of dollars 2000 831.1 2003 891.5 2006 1167.6 2009 935.6 a. Make a table showing, for each of the 3-year periods, the average yearly rate of change in B. b. Explain in practical terms what B(2008) means, and estimate its value. c. Over what period was the growth in value of new construction the greatest? d. According to the table, in what year was the value of new construction the greatest?arrow_forwardReminderRound all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Deaths from the Heart DiseaseTable A and B show the deaths per 100,000 caused by heart disease in the United States for males and females aged 55 to 64 years. The function Hm gives deaths per 100,000 for males, and Hf gives deaths per 100,000 for females. a.Approximate the value of dHmdt in 2004 using the average rate of change from 2004 to 2007. b.Explain the meaning of the number you calculated in part a in practical terms. You should, among other things, tell what the sign means. TABLE AHeart Disease Deaths per 100,000 for Males Aged 55 to 64 Years t=year Hm=deathsper100,000 1990 537.3 2000 371.7 2003 331.7 2004 312.8 2007 288.8 c.Use your answer from part a to estimate the heart disease death rate for males aged 55 to 64 years in 2006 d.Approximate the value of dHfdt for 2004 using the average rate of change from 2004 to 2007. e.Explain what your calculations from parts a and d tell you about comparing heart disease deaths for men and women in 2004. TABLE BHeart Disease Deaths per 100,000 for Females Aged 55 to 64 Years t=year Hf=deathsper100,000 1990 215.7 2000 159.3 2003 141.9 2004 131.5 2007 117.9arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Growth in Weight The following table gives, for a certain man, his weight W=W(t) in pounds at age t in years. t=Age(years) W=Weight pounds 4 36 8 54 12 81 16 128 20 156 24 163 a. Make a table showing, for each of the 4- year periods, the average yearly rate of change in W. b. Describe in general terms how the mans gain in weight varied over time. During which 4-year period did the man gain the most in weight? c. Estimate how much the man weighed at age 30. d. Use the average rate of change to estimate how much he weighed at birth. Is your answer reasonable?arrow_forward
- Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Tax Owed The following table shows the income tax T owed in a certain state as a function of the taxable income I, both measured in dollars. I=Taxableincome T=Taxowed 16,000 870 16,200 888 16,400 906 16,600 924 a. Make a table showing, for each of the intervals in the tax table above, the average rate of change in T. b. Describe the general trend in the average rate of change. What does this mean in practical terms? c. Would you expect T to have a limiting value? Be sure to explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Sales Income The following table shows the net monthly income N for a real estate agency as a function of the monthly real estate sales s, both measured in dollars. s=Sales N=Netincome 450,000 4000 500,000 5500 550,000 7000 600,000 8500 a. Make a table showing, for each of the intervals in the tax table above, the average rate of change in N. What pattern do you see? b. Use the average rate of change to estimate the net monthly income for monthly real estate sales of 520,000. In light of your answer to part a, how confident are you that your estimate is an accurate representation of the actual income? c. Would you expect N to have a limiting value? Be sure to explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Note Some of the formulas below use the special number e, which was presented in the Prologue. 12. A Car That Gets 32 Miles per Gallon The cost C of operating a certain car that gets 32 miles per gallon is a function of the price g, in dollars per gallon, of gasoline and the distance d, in miles, that you drive. The formula for C=C(g,d) is C=gd/32 dollars. a. Use functional notation to express the cost of operation if gasoline costs 98 cents per gallon and you drive 230 miles. Calculate the cost. b. Calculate C(3.53,172) and explain the meaning of the number you have calculated.arrow_forward
- Reminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. Growth in Height The following table gives, for a certain man, his height H=H(t) in inches at age t in years. t=Age(years) H=Height inches 0 21.5 5 42.5 10 55.0 15 67.0 20 73.5 25 74.0 a. Use functional notation to express the height of the man at age 13, and then estimate its value. b. Now we study the mans growth rate. i. Make a table showing, for each of the 5-year periods, the average yearly growth rate-that is, the average yearly rate of change in H. ii. During which 5-year period did the man grow the most in height? iii. Describe the general trend in the mans growth rate. c. What limiting value would you estimate for the height of this man? Explain your reasoning in physical terms.arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. t is measured in thousands of years, and C=C(t) is the amount, in grams, of carbon-14 remaining. Carbon-14 unstable radioactive t=Thousandofyears C=Gramsremaining 0 5 5 2.73 10 1.49 15 0.81 20 0.44 a. What is the average yearly rate of change of carbon-14 during the first 5000 years? b. How many grams of carbon-14 would you expect to find remaining after 1236 years? c. What would you expect to be the limiting value of C?arrow_forwardReminder Round all answers to two decimal places unless otherwise indicated. More on RevenueThis is a continuation of Exercises 15 and 16. In general, the highest price p per unit of an item which a manufacturer can sell N items is not constant, but is rather a function of N. The total revenue R is still the product of p and N, but the formula for R is more complicated when p depends on N. Suppose the manufacturer of widgets in Exercises 15 and Exercises 16 no longer sells widgets for 25 each. Rather, the manufacturer has developed the following table showing the highest price p, in dollars, of a widget at which N widgets can be sold. a.Verify that the formula p=500.01N where p is the price in dollars, give the same values as those in the table. N=Numberofwidgetssold p=Price 100 49 200 48 300 47 400 46 500 45 b.Use the formula from part a and the fact that R is the product of p and N to find a formula expressing the total revenue R as a function of N for this widget manufacturer. c.Express using functional notation the total revenue of this manufacturer if there are 450 weights produced in a month, and then calculate that value. 15.Total Cost The total cost C for a manufacturer during a given time period is a function of the number N of items produced during that period. To determine a formula for the total cost, we need to know the manufacturers fixed costs covering things such as plant maintenance and insurance, as well as the cost for each unit produced, which is called the variable, cost. To find the total cost, we multiply the variable cost by the number of items produced during that period and then add the fixed costs. Suppose that a manufacturer of widgets has fixed costs of 9000 per month and that the variable cost is 15 per widget so it costs 15 to produce 1 widget. a. Use a formula to express the total cost of this manufacturer in a month as a function of the number of widgets produced in a month. Be sure to state the units you use. b. Express using functional notation the total cost if there are 250 widgets produced in a month, and then calculate that value. 16.Total Revenue and ProfitThis is a continuation of Exercise 15. The total revenue R for a manufacturer during a given time period is a function of the number N of items produced during that period. To determine a formula for the total revenue, we need to know the selling price per unit of the item. To find the total revenue, we multiply this selling price by the number of items produced. The profit P for a manufacturer is the total revenue minus the total cost. If this number is positive, then the manufacturer turns a profit, whereas if this number is negative, then the manufacturer has a loss. If the profit is zero, then the manufacturer is at break-even point. Suppose the manufacturer of widgets in Exercise 15 sells the widgets for 25each. a.Use a formula to express this manufacturers total revenue R in a month as a function of the number of widgets produced in a month. Be sure to state the units you use. b.Use a formula to express the profit P of this manufacturer as a function of the number of widgets produced in a month. Be sure to state the units you use. c.Express using functional notation the profit of this manufacturer if there are 250 widgets produced in a month, and then calculate that value. d.At the production level of 250 widgets per month, does the manufacturer turn a profit or have a loss? What about at the production level of 1000 widgets per month?arrow_forward
- Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...AlgebraISBN:9781337111348Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan NoellPublisher:Cengage Learning