E Essentials: Units, Measurement, And Problem Solving 1 Atoms 2 The Quantum-mechanical Model Of The Atom 3 Periodic Properties Of The Elements 4 Molecules And Compounds 5 Chemical Bonding 6 Chemical Bonding 7 Chemical Reactions And Chemical Quantities 8 Introduction To Solutions And Aqueous Reactions 9 Thermochemistry 10 Gases 11 Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular Forces 12 Crystalline Solids And Modern Materials 13 Solutions 14 Chemical Kinetics 15 Chemical Equilibrium 16 Acids And Bases 17 Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium 18 Free Energy And Thermodynamics 19 Electrochemistry 20 Radioactivity And Nuclear Chemistry 21 Organic Chemistry 22 Transition Metals And Coordination Compounds expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1E Problem 2E: What is a chemical bond according to valence bond theory? Problem 3E: In valence bond theory, what determines the geometry of a molecule? Problem 4E: In valence bond theory, the interaction energy between the electrons and nucleus of one atom with... Problem 5E: What is hybridization? Why is hybridization necessary in valence bond theory? Problem 6E: How does hybridization of the atomic orbitals in the central atom of a molecule help lower the... Problem 7E: How is the number of hybrid orbitals related to the number of standard atomic orbitals that are... Problem 8E: Sketch each hybrid orbital sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2 Problem 9E Problem 10E: Name the hybridization scheme that corresponds to each electron geometry. linear trigonal planar... Problem 11E: What is a chemical bond according to molecular orbital theory? Problem 12E: Explain the difference between hybrid atomic orbitals in valence bond theory and LCAO molecular... Problem 13E: What is a bonding molecular orbital? Problem 14E Problem 15E: What is the role of wave interference in determining whether a molecular orbital is bonding or... Problem 16E Problem 17E Problem 18E Problem 19E Problem 20E Problem 21E Problem 22E: When applying molecular orbital theory to heteronuclear diatomic molecules, the atomic orbitals used... Problem 23E: In molecular orbital theory, what is a nonbonding orbital? Problem 24E: Write a short paragraph describing chemical bonding according to the Lewis model, valence bond... Problem 25E: The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown below. How many bonds can each atom... Problem 26E: The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown below. How many bonds can each atom... Problem 27E: Draw orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations—without... Problem 28E: Draw orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations—without... Problem 29E Problem 30E: Draw orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations of carbon... Problem 31E: Which hybridization scheme allows the formation of at least one bond? sp3, sp2, sp2d2 Problem 32E: Which hybridization scheme allows the central atom to form more than four bonds? sp3, sp3d, sp2 Problem 33E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including... Problem 34E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including... Problem 35E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule or ion. Sketch the structure, including... Problem 36E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule or ion. Sketch the structure, including... Problem 37E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule that contains more than one interior... Problem 38E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule that contains more than one interior... Problem 39E: Consider the structure of the amino acid alanine Indicate the hybridization about each interior... Problem 40E: Consider the structure of the amino acid aspartic acid Indicate the hybridization about each... Problem 41E: Sketch the bonding molecular orbital that results from the linear combination of two 1s orbitals.... Problem 42E: Sketch the antibonding molecular orbital that results from the linear combination of two 1s... Problem 43E: Draw an MO energy diagram and predict the bond order of Be2+ and Be2-. Do you expect these molecules... Problem 44E: Draw an MO energy diagram and predict the bond order of Li2+ and Li2-. Do you expect these molecules... Problem 45E: Sketch the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals that result from linear combinations 2pxof the... Problem 46E: Sketch the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals that result from linear combinations of the... Problem 47E: Using the molecular orbital energy ordenng for second-period homonuclear diatomic molecules in which... Problem 48E: Using the molecular orbital energy ordering for second-period homonuclear diatomic molecules in... Problem 49E: Apply molecular orbital theory to predict if each molecule or ion exists in relatively stable form.... Problem 50E: Apply molecular orbital theory to predict if each molecule or ion exists in a relatively stable form... Problem 51E: According to MO theory, which molecule or ion has the highest bond order? Highest bond energy?... Problem 52E: According to MO theory, which molecule or ion has the highest bond order? Highest bond energy?... Problem 53E: Draw an MO energy diagram for CO. (Use the energy ordering of O2) Predict the bond order and make a... Problem 54E: Draw an MO energy diagram for HCI. Predict the bond order and make a sketch of the lowest energy... Problem 55E: For each compound, draw the Lewis structure, determine the geometry using VSEPR theory, determine... Problem 56E: For each compound, draw the Lewis structure, determine the geometry using VSEPR theory, determine... Problem 57E: Amino acids are biological compounds that link together to form proteins, the workhorse molecules in... Problem 58E: The genetic code is based on four different bases with the structures shown here. Determine the... Problem 59E: The structure of caffeine, present in coffee and many soft drinks, is shown here. How many pi bonds... Problem 60E: The structure of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is shown here. How many pi bonds are present in... Problem 61E: Draw a molecular orbital energy diagram for CIF. (Assume that the (sporbitals are lower in energy... Problem 62E: Draw Lewis structures and MO diagrams for CN+, CN, and CN-. According to the Lewis model, which... Problem 63E: Bromine can form compounds or ions with any number of fluorine atoms from one to five. Write the... Problem 64E: The compound C3H4 has two double bonds. Describe its bonding and geometry, using a valence bond... Problem 65E: How many hybrid orbitals do we use to describe each molecule? N2O5 C2H5NO (4 C-H bonds and one O—H... Problem 66E Problem 67E: In VSEPR theory, which uses the Lewis model to determine molecular geometry, the trend of decreasing... Problem 68E: The resuts of a molecular orbital calculation for H 2 O are shown here Examine each of the orbitals... Problem 69E Problem 70E: cis-2-Butene isomerizes (changes its structure) to trans-2-butene via the reaction: If isomerization... Problem 71E: The ion CH5 + can form under very special high-energy conditions in the vapor phase in a mass... Problem 72E: Neither the VSEPR model nor the hybridization model is able to account for the experimental... Problem 73E Problem 74E: The most stable forms of the nonmetals in groups 4A, 5A, and 6A of the first period are molecules... Problem 75E: Consider the bond energies of three iodine halides: How might you use valence bond theory to help... Problem 76E: How many atomic orbitals form a set of sp3hybrid orbitals? A set of sp2hybrid orbitals? A set of sp... Problem 77E: Have each group member pick one of these hybridization schemes (sp, Sp2, and sp3) and describe it to... Problem 78E: Divide your group into two subgroups. Have one subgroup use molecular orbital theory to explain... Problem 79E: A molecular orbital calculation for Hi results in the molecular orbital diagram shown here. The... Problem 1SAQ: Determine the hybridization about 0 in CH3OH. Problem 2SAQ: Determine the hybridization about C in H2CO. Problem 3SAQ: According to the valance bond theory, which kind of orbitals overlap to form P_Cl bomds in PCl5? Problem 4SAQ: Use molecular orbital theory to determine the bond order in C2. Problem 5SAQ: Use molecular orbital theory to predict which species has the strongest bond. Problem 6SAQ: Use molecular orbital theory to determine which molecule is diamagnetic. Problem 7SAQ: Which hybridization scheme occurs about nitrogen when nitrogen forms a double bond? Problem 8SAQ Problem 9SAQ Problem 10SAQ Problem 11SAQ: Which type of orbitals overlap to form the sigma bond between C and N in H — C N:? C(sp2)-N(p)... format_list_bulleted