Chapter 6, Problem 1TYK

The capacity to do work best defines:

a metabolic pathway.

entropy.

kinetic or potential energy.

a chemical equilibrium.

thermodynamics.

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In physical sciences, work is said to be done when the object moves over a distance by the application of an external force. In biological systems, work is done by the body during every life process like walking, running, breathing, or sleeping.

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The capacity to do work is defined as energy (potential or kinetic).

Explanation of Solution

Justification/Explanation for the correct answer:

Option (c) is given as potential or kinetic energy. Every life process requires energy. Energy cannot be measured directly, but it can be detected via the effects it produces. It helps in moving objects against the opposing forces (friction or gravity). It also helps in the completion of a chemical reaction. Most conveniently, it is described as the ability to do work and exists in two major forms, namely, kinetic and potential energy. Potential energy is the energy stored in or possessed by an object while kinetic energy is the energy that a body or object possesses when it is in motion. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation for the incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as a metabolic pathway. Metabolic pathway refers to the series of chemical reactions that take place in the body of an individual. The intermediate products of the chemical reactions are termed as metabolites. Metabolism fulfills two vitally different purposes, which includes the generation of energy and the biological molecule synthesis. These pathways cannot be defined as the capacity to do work. So, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as entropy. Entropy is a measure of molecular disorder or randomness. In order for a reaction to occur spontaneously (not requiring energy from another source), the reaction must increase the disorder of the system. In other words, the entropy of the reaction must increase so that it can occur spontaneously. So, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as chemical equilibrium. Chemical equilibrium is defined as a state at which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction. At equilibrium, the free energy reaches its lowest value. So, this option is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is a branch of physical sciences that involve the temperature as well as heat and their relation to work and energy. Thus, the ways in which energy transforms from one form to another is observed under thermodynamics. So, this option is incorrect.

Hence, options (a), (b), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that kinetic or potential energy is the ability to do work. The energy must be transmitted to an object to carry out the work.