Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 6, Problem 2ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The polypeptide binding for graph A and B is endergonic or exergonic, spontaneous or not spontaneous and the graph yielding more free energy on binding to PSD-95 (post-synaptic density).
Introduction:
PSD-95 plays an important role in regulating the mammalian nervous system. The law of
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In addition to glucose, brain cells also need the amino acid phenylalanine to move from the blood and across the blood brain barrier. Brains cells use phenylalanine to produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. Phenylalanine is transported from the blood and into the endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier through the transport protein LAT1, which uses energy to facilitate the movement. In a healthy brain, where is there a higher concentration of phenylalanine?
a) In the blood
b) In the endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier
Why the endergonic reactions are thermodynamically unfavorable?Although endergonic reactions are thermodynamically unfavorable, yet many such reactions occur in the human body. Suppose the human body is an isolated system. Then how those reactions can be carried out in the human body?
Despite the thermal stability of covalent bonds in physiological systems, some of these bonds are sensitive to energy input from external sources. The molecule can absorb heat from the environment without changing its chemical structure, as will occur when there is a local temperature increase. If the increase in energy is above kT (i.e., the entire environment has not increased its temperature), the molecule will come to thermal equilibrium with the environment around it, and return to its original energy state. Which one of the following physiological process is example to this?
Select one :
a. Absorbance of light by 11-cis-retinal.
b. Translucent to opaque conversion of egg whites after cooking.
C. Absorbance of light by melanın.
d. a & b
e. a & c
f.b&c
g. a, b & c
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 6.1 - In thermodynamics, what is meant by an isolated...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 6.2 - Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 6.3 - How are coupled reactions important to cell...Ch. 6.4 - How do enzymes increase the rates of the reaction...Ch. 6.4 - Can enzymes alter the G of a reaction?Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 1SB
Ch. 6.5 - What is the difference between competitive and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 6.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 6 - The capacity to do work best defines: a metabolic...Ch. 6 - The assembly of proteins from amino acids is best...Ch. 6 - When two glucose molecules react to form maltose:...Ch. 6 - When glucose reacts with ATP to form...Ch. 6 - In the following graph: A represents the product....Ch. 6 - Which of the following methods is not used by...Ch. 6 - In an enzymatic reaction: a. the enzyme leaves the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 6 - Which of the following statements about inhibition...Ch. 6 - Which of the following statements is incorrect? a....Ch. 6 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 6 - Discuss Concepts Trace the flow of energy through...Ch. 6 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 6 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 6 - Prob. 3ITD
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Many biosynthetic pathways are regulated by feedback control, where the product of a pathway turns off an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in the pathway. Usually, this control comes from an allosteric interaction. Of the types of reversible enzyme inhibition (Competitive inhibition, Noncompetitive inhibition, and Uncompetitive inhibition), what type is most likely to occur in a feedback control mechanism like this and why?arrow_forwardThe nerve gas sarin acts as a poison by covalently bonding to a hydroxyl group in the active site of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This binding results in a higher-than-normal amount of acetylcholine at a nerve synapse, resulting in muscle spasms. From this description, would you expect sarin to be a competitive, noncompetitive, or irreversible inhibitor? noncompetitive inhibitor irreversible inhibitor competitive inhibitorarrow_forwardCan the thermodynamic property Δ G° be used to predict the speed of a reaction in a living organism? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- A certain metabolic pathway can be diagrammed as (see pic1), where A, B, C, and D are the intermediates, and X, Y, and Z are the enzymes that catalyze the reactions. The physiological free energy changes for the reactions are (see pic.2). Solve, (a) Which reaction is likely to be a major regulatory point for the pathway? (b) If your answer in Part a was in fact the case, in the presence of an inhibitor that blocks the activity of enzyme Z, would the concentrations of A, B, C, and D increase, decrease, or not be aff ected?arrow_forwardAnswer this Question Would increasing the concentration of glucose be a physiologically reasonable way to increase the concentration of G6P? Yes. [Glucose] is lower than [G6P], so adding glucose would shift the equilibrium to the right. No. The glucose concentration would need to be higher than the maximum solubility of glucose. No. Because the concentration of Pi is lower than the concentration of glucose, Pi is the limiting reactant. Yes. The glucose concentration would be higher than the concentration of G6P, so the reaction would proceed.arrow_forwardA key enzyme in metabolism catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose. Name three amino acids that may stabilize the substrate or product of this reaction through three distinct non-covalent interactions. Specify the elements of the sidechain and reactant/product that are interacting.arrow_forward
- The venom of the Eastern diamondback rattler and the Indian cobra contains phospholipase A2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acids at the C-2 position of glycerophospholipids. The phospholipid products of this reaction, in high enough concentrations, can act as detergents, dissolving the membranes of erythrocytes and lysing the cells. The pain and inflammation caused by a snake bite can be treated with certain steroids. What is the basis of this treatment?arrow_forwardWithin biological systems, there are always reactions that seem to occur when thermodynamically, they should not. An example is in the process of glycolysis (the conversion of glucose to pyruvate) which has ΔG°' = 2183.6 kJ/mol. How is glycolysis possible with such a large, positive ΔG°', when cells are governed by the laws of thermodynamics?arrow_forwardThe main location of ethanol metabolism in the body is the liver and the main route of detoxification includes liver alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) located in the cytosol and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) located in the mitochondrion. Together these sequentially convert ethanol into acetate. A second (more minor) route of detoxification includes the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS). 1. Based on the chemical structure, predict how permeable a biological membrane will be to ethanol (in the absence of a transporter/channel)?arrow_forward
- How can thermodynamically unfavorable reactions, such as the synthesis of DNA and protein polymers, occur in cells? A. Cells couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to reactions that result in a positive change in enthalpy. B. Cells couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to reactions that release energy. C. Cells couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to reactions that have a positive free energy. D. Cells couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to reactions that result in a decrease in entropy.arrow_forwardIn a metabolic pathway, succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, a substance that resembles succinate and can bind at the active site but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Is Malonate a competitive or non -competitive inhibitor. What is the difference between the two types of inhibition? Can you overcome inhibition caused by Malonic acid?arrow_forwardThe herbicide dinoseb, which was removed from the market many years ago, killed plants by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Ironically, plants have embedded in the inner membrane of their mitochondria a protein named the “uncoupling protein” that essentially can carry out the same process caused by dinoseb. The mechanism of uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation involves which of the following scenarios. A. Excess electrons oxidize lipids in the mitochondrial membranes, thus destroying the electron transport chain B. Excessive oxygen is consumed via reduction to water, thus depriving the mitochondria of the ability to carry out phosphorylation that requires oxygen C. The membrane selectivity required to maintain a proton gradient is altered so the potential for driving ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis is degraded D. Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation kicks a cell into a fermentative pathway that cannot supply sufficient ATParrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Information Storage and the Brain: Learning and Memory; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQDiUKwXLVI;License: Standard youtube license