Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Receptors are large protein or glycoproteins that bind with the signaling molecule (ligand). The cells undergo receptor-ligand alterations and initiate the biological response. The ligand molecule binds with the cell surface receptors.
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Which of the following does not apply to a transmembrane receptor?
a.
It lacks ER signal sequence.
b.
It contains one or more hydrophobic stop-transfer sequence.
c.
It is important for cells to receive and transmit extracellular signals.
d.
It is an example of integral membrane protein.
When rhodamine-dyed mouse proteins were first mixed with fluorescein-dyed human proteins (in mouse/human hybrid cell fusions), these proteins appeared to exhibit:
restricted movement, based on confinement by diffusion barriers
restricted movement, based on tethering to extracellular molecules
unrestricted movement, similar to membrane phospholipids
restricted movement, based on anchoring to intracellular proteins
restricted movement, based on attachment to other cells
Which of these is NOT a response that occurs when an intercellular chemical signal binds to a membrane-bound receptor?
1. Enzymes at the inner surface of the cell are directly activated.
2. Ion channels open or close.
3. Enzymes add phosphate groups to certain proteins in the cell.
4. The chemical signal and receptor bind to DNA in the nucleus.
5. Activated G proteins activate enzymes that produce intracellular messengers.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 6.4 - Trace the sequence of events in signal...Ch. 6.4 - How is an extracellular signal converted to an...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.6 - Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 6 - During signal transduction (a) the cell converts...Ch. 6 - When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor,...Ch. 6 - G proteinlinked receptors (a) inactivate G...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 6 - Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b)...Ch. 6 - When growth hormone binds to an enzyme-linked...Ch. 6 - Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 6 - More than 500 genes have been identified in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Cell signaling in plant and animal...Ch. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Some of the same G proteinlinked...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16TYU
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- Signal transduction pathways benefit cells for all of the following reasons except : a. they enable different cells to respond appropriately to the same signal. b. they can amplify and diversify a signal. c. they help cells use up phosphate generated by ATP breakdown. d. they help cells respond to signal molecules that are too large or too polar to cross the plasma membranearrow_forwardWhat is Anchorage Dependence? Describe the different Cell Junctions in Animal cells. What is the only Cell Junction in Plant cells? Why do Plant cells only have one type of Cell Junction? Explain Cell-Cell signaling involving Signal Transduction and G-Proteins.arrow_forwardHow does the function of an intracellular receptor differ from that of a membrane receptor? a. The intracellular receptor binds a ligand. b. The intracellular receptor binds DNA. c. The intracellular receptor activates a kinase. d. The intracellular receptor functions as a second messenger.arrow_forward
- Draw a cell. Draw a receptor that binds to a signaling molecule on the outside of the cell and a receptor that binds to a signaling molecule on the inside of the cell. What property does a signaling molecule that crosses the cell membrane (plasma membrane) need?arrow_forwardWhat is a signal peptide? A. A sequence of amino acids in endomembrane system proteins that directs them to the endoplasmic reticulum B. The sequence of amino acids in every protein that determines its location in the cell C. A protein that directs other proteins where to go in the cell D. A sequence of amino acids that gets added to proteins that are free-floating in the cytoplasmarrow_forwardwhen a chemical messenger (or ligand) reaches a target cell, it binds to a receptor. A hydrophobic ligand binds to a(n) _______, whereas a hydrophilic ligand binds to a(n)_________. a. agonist receptor; antagonic receptor b. transmembrane receptor; intracellular receptor c. antagonist receptor; agonist receptor d. intracellular receptor; transmembrane receptorarrow_forward
- An analog of cGMP, 8-Br-cGMP, will permeate cellular membranes, is only slowly degraded by a rod cell’s PDE activity, and is as effective as cGMP in opening the gated channel in the cell’s outer segment. If you suspended rod cells in a buffer containing a relatively high [8-Br-cGMP], then illuminatedthe cells while measuring their membrane potential, what would you observe?arrow_forwardCompare/contrast intracellular vs. plasma membrane receptors. Where is each receptor located, and what type of signal molecule binds to each receptor?arrow_forwardWhen fluorescein-dyed human proteins were first mixed with rhodamine-dyed mouse proteins (in mouse/human hybrid cell fusions carried out in the 1970s), these proteins appeared to exhibit: restricted movement, based on confinement by diffusion barriers restricted movement, based on tethering to extracellular molecules unrestricted movement, similar to membrane phospholipids restricted movement, based on anchoring to intracellular proteins restricted movement, based on attachment to other cellsarrow_forward
- In terms of cell communication, compare and contrast the action of hydrophilic versus hydrophobic ligands (signaling molecules). What type of receptor is used by these ligands? How does each type of ligand influence cell activity?arrow_forwardFill in the gap Living cells utilize a complex collection of interacting ------------ to receive different signals from the cellular environment and other cells. Such processes are known collectively as --------------.arrow_forwardYou are studying a Drosophila protein called FROZN that you think is a vesicle snare that plays a role in exocytosis of synaptic vesicles containing acetylcholine at the neuro-muscular junction. Because this protein has been isolated from neuromuscular junctions, you hypothesize that this snare is a Ca+2 sensor that mediates the final merging of vesicles with the membrane. To test this hypothesis you perform 2 experiments: 1. You make a mutant Drosophila that lacks FROZN and find that synaptic vesicle release at the neuromuscular junction is blocked. 2. You block Ca+2 entry into the presynaptic neuron terminal in a normal (wild type) fly and find that synaptic vesicle release is blocked. Do these experiments support your hypothesis that FROZN is a vesicle snare and is the Ca+2 sensor? Is there another possible explanation for the function of FROZN? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
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