Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Receptors are large protein or glycoproteins that bind with the signaling molecule (ligand). The cells undergo receptor-ligand alterations and initiate the biological response. The ligand molecule binds with the cell surface receptors. G-protein-linked receptor may be monomeric or oligomeric. It belongs to a family of transmembrane proteins that loop back and forth through the plasma membrane for seven times.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 6.4 - Trace the sequence of events in signal...Ch. 6.4 - How is an extracellular signal converted to an...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.6 - Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 6 - During signal transduction (a) the cell converts...Ch. 6 - When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor,...Ch. 6 - G proteinlinked receptors (a) inactivate G...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 6 - Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b)...Ch. 6 - When growth hormone binds to an enzyme-linked...Ch. 6 - Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 6 - More than 500 genes have been identified in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Cell signaling in plant and animal...Ch. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Some of the same G proteinlinked...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16TYU
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- Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and phosphatases into the extracellular fluid (b) bind G proteins to cell membranes (c) increase accuracy but slow signaling cascades (d) organize groups of intracellular signaling molecules into signaling complexes (e) are transcription factors found mainly in plant cellsarrow_forwardHow does the function of an intracellular receptor differ from that of a membrane receptor? a. The intracellular receptor binds a ligand. b. The intracellular receptor binds DNA. c. The intracellular receptor activates a kinase. d. The intracellular receptor functions as a second messenger.arrow_forwardWhich of these is NOT a response that occurs when an intercellular chemical signal binds to a membrane-bound receptor? 1. Enzymes at the inner surface of the cell are directly activated. 2. Ion channels open or close. 3. Enzymes add phosphate groups to certain proteins in the cell. 4. The chemical signal and receptor bind to DNA in the nucleus. 5. Activated G proteins activate enzymes that produce intracellular messengers.arrow_forward
- A cell expresses a transmembrane protein that is cleaved at the plasma membrane to release an extracellular fragment. The fragment binds to receptor proteins on nearby cells and activates signaling pathways resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? Contact-dependent? Paracrine? Synaptic? Endocrine? Autocrine?arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the receptors and signalling cascade, and the physiological roles for two neurotransmitters in the brain Give examplesarrow_forwardWhich of these pathways is highly conserved among invertebrates and mammals regarding stem cell niche signaling? a. Wnt and beta-catenin families b. MAP kinase family c. VegT and Veg 1 family d. Pitx familyarrow_forward
- Amplification of a chemical signal occurs when? a. phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase receptors is balanced by the immediate removal of phosphate groups by phosphatases b. a receptor in the plasma membrane activates several “first messenger” molecules while a signal molecule is bound to it c. a cAMP molecule activates one protein kinase molecule before being converted to AMP d. a receptor activates a single first messenger and a single second messengerarrow_forwardCan a cell have multiple responses to one stimulus? A) Yes, such as a second messenger activating a kinase and a transcription factor B) No, one stimulus = one response. C) Yes, but only if the stimulus activates two different types of receptors, like a GPCR and a protein kinase receptor at the same timearrow_forwarda universal feature of cell signaling receptors is that they? a. undergo a structural (shape) change when the signal molecule is bound b. are present only in the plasma membrane c. are only ion channels d. are protein kinases e. aer only nuclear receptorsarrow_forward
- All cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.arrow_forwardSignal transduction pathways benefit cells for all of the following reasons except : a. they enable different cells to respond appropriately to the same signal. b. they can amplify and diversify a signal. c. they help cells use up phosphate generated by ATP breakdown. d. they help cells respond to signal molecules that are too large or too polar to cross the plasma membranearrow_forwardFor cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases? a. they amplify the original signal b. they always lead to the same cellular response c. the number of molecules used is small and fixed d. they are cell specificarrow_forward
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