Chapter 6, Problem 6.59EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The terms that apply for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Free amine is the one that has nitrogen atom bonded to three other atoms and a lone pair of electrons is present on it.  Deprotonated base is the one that can accept a hydrogen ion.  Due to the lone pair of electrons present on the nitrogen atom in amine, it can also be known as deprotonated base.  Free base is the one that has a more electronegative atom which can act as a proton acceptor.  Amine has a nitrogen atom which can accept a hydrogen ion.  Hence, amine can be a proton acceptor.  Protonated base is the one in which the nitrogen atom in the amine has four bonds.  The fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.  The formed species has a positive charge on it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The terms that apply for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{NH}-{\text{CH}}_3$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Free amine is the one that has nitrogen atom bonded to three other atoms and a lone pair of electrons is present on it.  Deprotonated base is the one that can accept a hydrogen ion.  Due to the lone pair of electrons present on the nitrogen atom in amine, it can also be known as deprotonated base.  Free base is the one that has a more electronegative atom which can act as a proton acceptor.  Amine has a nitrogen atom which can accept a hydrogen ion.  Hence, amine can be a proton acceptor.  Protonated base is the one in which the nitrogen atom in the amine has four bonds.  The fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.  The formed species has a positive charge on it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The terms that apply for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}-\stackrel{+}{\text{N}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Free amine is the one that has nitrogen atom bonded to three other atoms and a lone pair of electrons is present on it.  Deprotonated base is the one that can accept a hydrogen ion.  Due to the lone pair of electrons present on the nitrogen atom in amine, it can also be known as deprotonated base.  Free base is the one that has a more electronegative atom which can act as a proton acceptor.  Amine has a nitrogen atom which can accept a hydrogen ion.  Hence, amine can be a proton acceptor.  Protonated base is the one in which the nitrogen atom in the amine has four bonds.  The fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.  The formed species has a positive charge on it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The terms that apply for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\stackrel{+}{\text{N}}{\text{H}}_2-{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Free amine is the one that has nitrogen atom bonded to three other atoms and a lone pair of electrons is present on it.  Deprotonated base is the one that can accept a hydrogen ion.  Due to the lone pair of electrons present on the nitrogen atom in amine, it can also be known as deprotonated base.  Free base is the one that has a more electronegative atom which can act as a proton acceptor.  Amine has a nitrogen atom which can accept a hydrogen ion.  Hence, amine can be a proton acceptor.  Protonated base is the one in which the nitrogen atom in the amine has four bonds.  The fourth bond formed is a coordinate covalent bond.  The formed species has a positive charge on it.