(a)
Introduction:
The lower of cost or market rule follows the historical cost method as per Generally Accepted Accounting Principles accounting framework. The method states that the cost of inventory must be taken as the original cost or its current market price whichever cost is less as the inventory might have become obsolete, damaged or its value might have declined.
To find:
The amount of the inventory using lower cost or market applied on an item-by-item basis.
(b)
Introduction:
The lower of cost or market rule follows the historical cost method as per Generally Accepted Accounting Principles accounting framework. The method states that the cost of inventory must be taken as the original cost or its current market price whichever cost is less as the inventory might have become obsolete, damaged or its value might have declined.
To prepare:
The
(c)
Introduction:
The lower of cost or market rule follows the historical cost method as per Generally Accepted Accounting Principles accounting framework. The method states that the cost of inventory must be taken as the original cost or its current market price whichever cost is less as the inventory might have become obsolete, damaged or its value might have declined.
To state:
The impact of lower cost or market rule on financial statements and the impact of financial statement of a subsequent period in which inventory is sold.
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Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
- Lower of Cost or Market Sue Stone, the president of Tippecanoe Home Products, has prepared the following information for the companys television inventory at the end of 2019: Required: 1. Determine the carrying amount of the inventory using lower of cost or market applied on an item-by-item basis. 2. Prepare the journal entry required to value the inventory at lower of cost or market. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What is the impact of applying the lower of cost or market rule on the financial statements of the current period? What is the impact on the financial statements of a subsequent period in which the inventory is sold?arrow_forwardLower of Cost or Market The accountant for Murphy Company prepared the following analysis of its inventory at year end: Required: 1. Compute the carrying value of the ending inventory using the lower of cost or market method applied on an item-by-item basis. 2. Prepare the journal entry required to value the inventory at lower of cost or market.arrow_forwardThe following data were extracted from the accounting records of Harkins Company for the year ended April 30, 2019: a. Prepare the cost of merchandise sold section of the income statement for the year ended April 30, 2019, using the periodic inventory system. b. Determine the gross profit to be reported on the income statement for the year ended April 30, 2019. c. Would gross profit be different if the perpetual inventory system was used instead of the periodic inventory system?arrow_forward
- Grimstad Company uses FIFO for internal reporting purposes and LIFO for financial reporting and income tax purposes. At the end of 2019, the following information was obtained from the inventory records: Required: 1. Prepare the necessary adjusting journal entry assuming that Grimstad converts the accounts to LIFO at the end of 2019. 2. Indicate how Grimstad would disclose the inventory value on its comparative balance sheets prepared at the end of 2019. 3. Next Level By how much would Grimstads cost of goods sold differ in 2019 if it used FIFO for external reporting?arrow_forwardKoopman Company began operations on January 1, 2018, and uses they FIFO inventory method for financial reporting and the average cost inventory method for income taxes. At the beginning of 2020, Koopman decided to switch to the average cost inventory method for financial reporting. It had previously reported the following financial statement information for 2019: An analysis of the accounting records discloses the following cost of goods sold under the FIFO and average cost inventory methods: There are no indirect effects of the change in inventory method. Revenues for 2020 total 130,000; operating expenses for 2020 total 30,000. Koopman is subject to a 21% income tax rate in all years; it pays the income taxes payable of a current year in the first quarter of the next year. Koopman had 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding during all years; it paid dividends of 1 per share in 2020. At the end of 2020, Koopman had cash of 10,000, inventory of 24,000, other assets of 70,800, accounts payable of 4,500, and income taxes payable of 6,000. It desires to show financial statements for the current year and previous year in its 2020 annual report. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to reflect the change in methods at the beginning of 2020. Show supporting calculations. 2. Prepare the 2020 financial statements. Notes to the financial statements are not necessary. Show supporting calculations.arrow_forwardOlson Company adopted the dollar-value LIFO method for inventory valuation at the beginning of 2015. The following information about the inventory at the end of each year is available from Olsons records: Required: 1. Calculate the dollar-value LIFO inventory at the end of each year. 2. Prepare the appropriate disclosures for the 2021 annual report if Olson uses current cost internally and LIFO for financial reporting.arrow_forward
- Effects of Inventory Costing Methods Jefferson Enterprises has the following income statement data available for 2019: Jefferson uses a perpetual inventory accounting system and the average cost method. Jefferson is considering adopting the FIFO or LIFO method for costing inventory. Jeffersons accountant prepared the following data: Required: 1. Compute income before taxes, income taxes expense, and net income for each of the three inventory costing methods. (Round to the nearest dollar.) 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why are the cost of goods sold and ending inventory amounts different for each of the three methods? What do these amounts tell us about the purchase price of inventory during the year? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Which method produces the most realistic amount for net income? For inventory? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardEffects of an Error in Ending Inventory Waymire Company prepared the partial income statements presented below for 2019 and 2018. During 2020, Waymires accountant discovered that ending inventory for 2018 had been understated by $6,500. Required: 1. Prepare corrected income statements for 2019 and 2018. 2. Prepare a schedule showing each financial statement item affected by the error and the amount of the error for that item (ignore the effect of income taxes). Indicate whether each error is an overstatement (+) or an understatement (-).arrow_forwardSchmidt Company began operations on January 1, 2018, and used the LIFO inventory method for both financial reporting and income taxes. However, at the beginning of 2020, Schmidt decided to switch to the average cost inventory method for financial and income tax reporting. It had previously reported the following financial statement information for 2019: An analysis of the accounting records discloses the following cost of goods sold under the LIFO and average cost inventory methods: There are no indirect effects of the change in inventory method. Revenues for 2020 total 130,000; operating expenses for 2020 total 30,000. Schmidt is subject to a 21% income tax rate in all years; it pays all income taxes payable in the next quarter. Assume that any deferred tax liability was paid in the subsequent year. Schmidt had 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding during all years; it paid dividends of 1 per share in 2020. At the end of 2020, Schmidt had cash of 15,600, inventory of 34,000, other assets of 76,000, income taxes payable of 4,200, and accounts payable of 3,000. It desires to show financial statements for the current year and previous year in its 2020 annual report. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to reflect the change in method at the beginning of 2020. Show supporting calculations. 2. Prepare the 2020 financial statements. Notes to the financial statements are not necessary. Show supporting calculations.arrow_forward
- Fava Company began operations in 2018 and used the LIFO inventory method for both financial reporting and income taxes. At the beginning of 2019, the anticipated cost trends in the industry had changed, so that it adopted the FIFO method for both financial reporting and income taxes. Fava reported revenues of 300,000 and 270,000 in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Fava reported expenses (excluding income tax expense) of 125,000 and 120,000 in 2019 and 2018, which included cost of goods sold of 55,000 and 45,000, respectively. An analysis indicates that the FIFO cost of goods sold would have been lower by 8,000 in 2018. The tax rate is 21%. Fava has a simple capital structure with 15,000 shares of common stock outstanding during 2018 and 2019. It paid no dividends in either year. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to reflect the change. 2. At the end of 2019, prepare the comparative income statements for 2019 and 2018. Notes to the financial statements are not necessary. 3. At the end of 2019, prepare the comparative retained earnings statements for 2019 and 2018.arrow_forwardLower of Cost or Market Merediths Appliance Store has the following data for the items in its inventory at the end of the accounting period: Required: 1. Compute the carrying value of Merediths ending inventory using the lower of cost or market rule applied on an item-by-item basis. 2. Prepare the journal entry required to value the inventory at lower of cost or market. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What is the conceptual justification for valuing inventory at the lower of cost or market?arrow_forwardCompany Elmira reported the following cost of goods sold but later realized that an error had been made in ending inventory for year 2021. The correct inventory amount for 2021 was 32,000. Once the error is corrected, (a) how much is the restated cost of goods sold for 2021? and (b) how much is the restated cost of goods sold for 2022?arrow_forward
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