Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Chapter 7, Problem 12SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Fermentation reactions do not require the oxygen as an electron acceptor, but the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule. It occurs under the anaerobic conditions. Fermentation reaction occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen. The final stage of the aerobic respiration is the electron transfer phosphorylation that occurs in mitochondria. The coenzymes reduced in the earlier reactions deliver electrons and hydrogen ions to electron transfer chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The flow of the hydrogen ions through these proteins drives the ATP synthesis. Oxygen accepts the electrons at the end of the electron transfer chains and combines with the hydrogen ions, to form water.
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What is the difference between cellular respiration and fermentation?
Select an answer.
a) cellular respiration does not need oxygen, while fermentation needs oxygen
b) cellular respiration needs oxygen, while fermentation does not need oxygen
c) cellular respiration produces very little energy, while fermentation produces a lot of energy
d) Almost all cells carry out fermentation, while few carry out cellular respiration
Which of the following is likely to happen in a muscle cell in an anaerobic environment?
Question 9 options:
a)
The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid
b)
The Krebs Cycle
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
The conversion of pyruvic acid to Acetyl CoA
During aerobic respiration, high energy electrons are taken from glucose and transferred to electron carriers. The cell then uses the energy from these electrons to:
A) pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
B) produce oxygen
C) produce carbon dioxide
D) make glucose
E) reduce electron carriers
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1DAACh. 7 - Prob. 2DAACh. 7 - Prob. 3DAACh. 7 - Is the following statement true or false? Unlike...Ch. 7 - Glycolysis starts and ends in the ___. a. nucleus...Ch. 7 - Which of the following pathways requires molecular...Ch. 7 - Which molecule does not form during glycolysis? a....Ch. 7 - In eukaryotes, the final reactions of aerobic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6SQCh. 7 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 7 - Most of the energy that aerobic respiration...Ch. 7 - Put the following pathways in the order they occur...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is not produced by an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11SQCh. 7 - Prob. 12SQCh. 7 - Which of the following molecules can be oxidized...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14SQCh. 7 - Match the term with the best description. _____...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1CTCh. 7 - Prob. 2CT
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- Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles? a. lactic acid fermentation b. alcohol fermentation c. mixed acid fermentation d. propionic fermentationarrow_forwardWhich of the following distinguishes fermentation from aerobic respiration? (Only one choice is correct). A. Fermentation requires an input of oxygen. B. Fermentation occurs under anaerobic conditions. C. Fermentation has a higher ATP yield than aerobic respiration. D. Fermentation breaks down all of the carbon–carbon bonds in a glucose molecule.arrow_forwardAll types of fermentation are necessary to ________. a. produce gases required by the environment b. ensure an adequate supply of NAD+ is regenerated c. ensure an adequate supply of ATP is regeneratedarrow_forward
- Cyanide makes a bond to cytochrome in the electron transport chain located in the mitochondria, rendering the electron transport chain useless. The cyanide ingestion in death due to which of the following? a) Starvation, due to an inability to create glucose.b) Build up of lactic acid.c) Inability to take in oxygen through the lungs.d) Cellular death from lack of energy.arrow_forwardWhy is oxygen important in aerobic cellular respiration? a. Without oxygen, the Citric acid cycle will be disrupted b. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor during the electron transport chain c. they produce carbon dioxide and water d. It provides electrons during cellular respirationarrow_forwardCyanide is a highly toxic molecule. It bonds to a cytochrome in the electron transport chain located in the mitochondria, rendering the electron transport chain useless. The ingestion of cyanide, therefore, results in death due to which of the following? a) Starvation, due to an inability to create glucose. b) Build up of lactic acid. c) Inability to take in oxygen through the lungs. d) Cellular death from lack of energy.arrow_forward
- All stages of cellular respiration are decreased in conditions of insufficient oxygen except a. glycolysis. b. the intermediate stage. c. the citric acid cycle. d. the electron transport system.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true concerning the comparison of fermentation to aerobic cellular respiration? a) Both require oxygen. b) Fermentation extracts less energy. c) Fermentation produces only alcohol. d) All of the above are true. e) None of the above is true.arrow_forwardWhich mechanism of ATP production requires mitochondria and is able to use fatty acids and lactic acid energy sources? A glycolysis B aerobic respiration C anaerobic respirationarrow_forward
- Which statement is an accurate comparison of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans? A: Aerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, whereas anaerobic respiration occurs only in the cytoplasm B: Aerobic respiration primarily uses carbohydrates to produce energy, while anaerobic respiration uses lipids C: Aerobic respiration produced ATP as the primary energy molecules, while anaerobic respiration produces ADP D: Aerobic respiration requires enzymes to facilitate its biochemical reactions, whereas anaerobic respiration does not use enzymesarrow_forwardWhich of the statements about alcohol producing fermentation is FALSE? a) Lactic acid may be produced as a byproduct b) It produces CO2 c) It allows the cell to continue producing ATP when oxygen is low d) It generates more ATP than aerobic respirationarrow_forwardHow will the cell shift its metabolic processes in response to the level of pyruvate and in order to produce ATP? A. It will shift from aerobic respiration to fermentation B. It will shift from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration C.It will continue with aerobic metabolism using oxygen in the cytosol to make ATP D. It will shift from anaerobic respiration to fermentationarrow_forward
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