Concept explainers
Plant leaves contain pores called _____ that allow the plant to release ___ and take in __. In hot dry weather, these pores are closed to prevent _____. Photosynthesis occurs in organelles called _______ that are concentrated within the ______ cells of most plant leaves.
To review:
The given blank space in the statement, “plant leaves contain pores called ________ that allow the plant to release ___________ and take in ___________. In hot dry weather, these pores are closed to prevent ________. Photosynthesis occurs in organelles called ____________ that are concentrated within the _________ cells of most plant leaves.”
Introduction:
Plants have various adaptations like small pores in the epidermis or upper layer of leaves known as stomata which help them in the regulation of gas exchange as well as prevention of loss of water. In the leaves of plants, there are specialized organelles known as chloroplasts which perform the process of photosynthesis.
Explanation of Solution
The outer surface of the leaves is covered by a substance known as cuticle which is waxy and does not allow the penetration of water. Instead, water is lost from the leaves from pores in the outer surface (epidermis) called stomata. These stomata close during times of water shortage such as hot weather, to prevent water loss. These stomata allow gaseous exchange by taking in carbon dioxide (CO2) and giving off oxygen (O2).
The process of photosynthesis involves the utilization of sunlight and CO2 to form organic molecules like glucose. To aid this process, plants possess specialized organelles in their leaves called chloroplasts which are made up of a double membrane structure. This double membrane structure contains a matrix known as stroma. Stroma has compartments called thylakoids. Both stroma and thylakoid have important functions in the process of photosynthesis. Most of the chloroplasts are concentrated within mesophyll cells of the leaves.
Plant leaves contain pores called stomata that allow the plant to release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. In hot dry weather, these pores are closed to prevent water loss (evaporation). Photosynthesis occurs in organelles called chloroplasts that are concentrated within the mesophyll cells of most plant leaves.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
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