Chapter 7, Problem 36PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name and common name for the given set of molecules should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

Common Name: It is quiet opposite to systematic name which is used for branched groups.

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer to Problem 36PP

the systematic names and common name is given below:

Systematic name: 2-choloropropane and the common name: iso-propylchloride.

Explanation of Solution

To identify: The systematic name and the common name for the given molecules.

Find the longest carbon chain in the given molecule and assign number accordingly so that the substituent in the molecule present in the least numbered carbon atoms.

The given molecule is drawn. In the given molecule the parent carbon skeleton is 3 membered linear chain and the root name for this molecule is propane.

The carbon chain should be numbered such that the substituent present in the molecule should be given the least number in the carbon chain.

The substituent present in the molecule should be termed as chloro which is the prefix part should be written along with the number to where it is attached.

Therefore the systematic name is 2-choloropropane.

Find the common name for the given molecule by considering the position of carbon atoms attached.

The given molecule contains two methyl groups bonded to same carbon atom in the second position and also it consists one Choloro group which should be suffixed using ide.

Therefore the common name for the given molecule is iso-propylchloride.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The systematic name and the common name for the given molecules are identified by using the atoms attached to the respective carbon with the help of using IUPAC nomenclature rules and R,S- configurations.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name and common name for the given set of molecules should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

Common Name: It is quiet opposite to systematic name which is used for branched groups.

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer to Problem 36PP

the systematic names and common name is given below:

Systematic name: 2-bromo-2-methylpropane and the common name: tert-butylbromide.

Explanation of Solution

Find the longest carbon chain in the given molecule and number it accordingly so that the substituent in the molecule present in the least numbered carbon atoms.

The given molecule is drawn. In the given molecule the parent carbon skeleton is 3 membered linear chain and the root name for this molecule should be termed as propane.

The carbon chain should be numbered such that the substituent present in the molecule should given the least number in the carbon chain.

The substituents Br and CH₃ present in the molecule should be termed as bromo and methyl respectively according to their alphabetical order which is the prefix part should be written along with the number to which position it is attached.

Therefore the systematic name is 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.

Find the common name for the given molecule. By considering the number of carbon atoms attached.

It contains ${\text{-C(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ in which all ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ attached to same carbon atom and also it contains one $\text{Br}$ which should be suffixed using ide.

Therefore the common name for the given molecule is tert-butylbromide.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The systematic name and the common name for the given molecules are identified by using the atoms attached to the respective carbon with the help of using IUPAC nomenclature rules and R,S- configurations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name and common name for the given set of molecules should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

Common Name: It is quiet opposite to systematic name which is used for branched groups.

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer to Problem 36PP

the systematic names and common name is given below:

Systematic name: 1-iodopropane and the common name: propyl iodide.

Explanation of Solution

Find the longest carbon chain in the given molecule and number it accordingly so that the substituent in the molecule present in the least numbered carbon atoms.

The given molecule is drawn. In the given molecule the parent carbon skeleton is 3 membered linear chain and the root name for this molecule should be termed as propane.

The carbon chain should be numbered such that the substituent present in the molecule should be given the least number in the carbon chain.

The substituent I present in the molecule should be termed as iodo which is the prefix part should be written along with the number to which it is attached.

Therefore the systematic name for the given molecule is 1-iodopropane.

Find the common name for the given molecule.

It is termed as propyl since it contains –CH₂CH₂CH₃ and also it contains one iodine group which should be suffixed using ide.

Therefore the common name for the given molecule is propyl-iodide.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The systematic name and the common name for the given molecules are identified by using the atoms attached to the respective carbon with the help of using IUPAC nomenclature rules and R,S- configurations.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name and common name for the given set of molecules should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

Common Name: It is quiet opposite to systematic name which is used for branched groups.

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer to Problem 36PP

the systematic names and common name is given below:

Systematic name: (R)-2-bromobutane and the common name: (R)-sec-butyl bromide.

Explanation of Solution

Find the longest carbon chain in the given molecule and number it accordingly so that the substituent in the molecule present in the least numbered carbon atoms.

The given molecule is drawn. In the given molecule the parent carbon skeleton is 4 membered linear chain and the root name for this molecule should be termed as butane.

The substituent $\text{Br}$ present in the molecule should be termed as bromo which serves as the prefix part should be written along with the number to which it is attached.

This molecule contains chiral carbon so the atoms around the carbon atoms are numbered and the numbering results in clockwise direction termed as R which is to be placed in first part of the name.

Therefore the systematic name for the given molecule is (R)-2-bromobutane.

Find the common name for the given molecule.

It is termed as sec-butyl since it contains ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CHCH}}_{\text{3}}$ and also it contains one bromine group which should be suffixed using ide.

This molecule contains one chiral carbon so the atoms around the carbon atoms are numbered and the numbering results in clockwise direction termed as R which is to be placed in first part of the name.

Therefore the common name for the given molecule is (R)-sec-butylbromide.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The systematic name and the common name for the given molecules are identified by using the atoms attached to the respective carbon with the help of using IUPAC nomenclature rules and R,S- configurations.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic name and common name for the given set of molecules should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

Common Name: It is quiet opposite to systematic name which is used for branched groups.

Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer to Problem 36PP

the systematic names and common name is given below:

Systematic name: 1-choloro-2, 2-dimethylpropane and the common name: neo-pentylchloride.

Explanation of Solution

Find the longest carbon chain in the given molecule and number it accordingly so that the substituent in the molecule present in the least numbered carbon atoms.

The given molecule is drawn.

In the given molecule the parent carbon skeleton is 3 membered linear chain and the root name for this molecule should be termed as propane.

The substituents Cl and two methyl groups present in the molecule should be termed as chloro and dimethyl respectively according to their alphabetical order which serves as the prefix part should be written along with the number to where it is attached.

Therefore the systematic name for the given molecule is 1-choloro-2,2dimethylpropane.

Find the common name for the given molecule.

It is termed as neo-pentyl since it is doubly branched and contains five carbon atoms. The substituent $\text{Cl}$ is termed as chloride completes the end part of the name.

Therefore the common name for the given molecule is neo-pentylchloride.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The systematic name and the common name for the given molecules are identified by using the atoms attached to the respective carbon with the help of using IUPAC nomenclature rules and R,S- configurations.