Textbook Problem

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Element 109, now named meitnerium (in honor of the Austrian -Swedish physicist. Use Meitner [1878-1968]), was produced in August 1982 by a team at Germany's Institute for Heavy Ion Research. Depict its electron configuration using spdf and noble gas notations. Name another element found in the same group as meitnerium.

Lite Meitner (1878-1968) and Otto Hahn (1879-1968).

Element 109 (Mt) was named after Meitner. She earned her Ph.D. in physics under Ludwig Boltzmann at the University of Vienna, and she was the first woman to earn a Ph D, at that university.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of Meitnerium using spdf and noble gas notations has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons (e-) of an given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbital’s.

Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.

Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

Pauli exclusion rule: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction.

Explanation of Solution

• Electronic configuration Meitnerium (Mt) systems:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Atomic}\text{number}\text{of}Meitnerium\left(Mt\right)\text{=92}\\ \text{Complete (spdf)}\text{notation}\text{of}\text{(Mt)}\text{=}{\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3d}}^{\text{10}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{4p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4d}}^{\text{10}}\\ {\text{5s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{5p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{5d}}^{\text{10}}{\text{6s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{6p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{5f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{6d}}^{\text{7}}{\text{7s}}^{\text{2}}\\ \text{Orbital filling method}=\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\\ {\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^6{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^6\\ \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\\ 3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^6\\ \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\\ 4{\text{d}}^{10}5{\text{s}}^2{\text{5p}}^{\text{6}}\\ \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow }\end{array}$