Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation:
For the given ions increasing order of ionic radius has to be ranked.
Concept Introduction:
Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of an given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbital’s. The important there rules for electronic configuration given below.
Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.
Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.
Atomic radius: The concept explain chemical element is a measured of the size of its atoms, in other words to measure the distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of number of electrons.
Increase and decrease electro negativity: The less vacancy electrons an atoms has the least it will gain of electrons. Moreover the
Electron attachment enthalpy:
Electron affinity: The atoms are closely related to
b)
Interpretation:
The element has to be ranked in increasing ionization energy.
Concept Introduction:
Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of an given molecule or respective atoms in atomic or molecular orbital’s. The important there rules for electronic configuration given below.
Aufbau principle: This rule statues that ground state of an atom or ions electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels. If consider the 1s shell is filled the 2s subshell is occupied.
Hund's Rule: The every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.
Atomic radius: The concept explain chemical element is a measured of the size of its atoms, in other words to measure the distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of number of electrons.
Increase and decrease electro negativity: The less vacancy electrons an atoms has the least it will gain of electrons. Moreover the electron affinity decrease down the groups and from right to left across the periods on the periodic table, the reason is electrons are placed in a higher energy level far from the nucleus thus a decrease from its pull.
Electron attachment enthalpy:
Electron affinity: The atoms is closely related to
c)
Interpretation:
The element has to be ranked in increasing electron attachment enthalpy.
Concept Introduction:
Atomic radius: The concept explain chemical element is a measured of the size of its atoms, in other words to measure the distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of number of electrons.
Increase and decrease electro negativity: The less vacancy electrons an atoms has the least it will gain of electrons. Moreover the electron affinity decrease down the groups and from right to left across the periods on the periodic table, the reason is electrons are placed in a higher energy level far from the nucleus thus a decrease from its pull.
Electron attachment enthalpy:
Electron affinity: The atoms are closely related to
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- What is the electron configuration of the Ba3+ ion? Suggest a reason why this ion is not normally found in nature.arrow_forwardWhat neutral atoms are isoelectronic with the following ions? (a) Pb4+ (b) Br (c) S2 (d) Ni3+arrow_forwardDiscuss the importance of electron affinity and ionizationenergy in the formation of ions.arrow_forward
- In a plot of IE1 for the Period 3 elements , why do the values for elements in Groups 3A(13) and 6A(16) drop slightly below the generally increasing trend?arrow_forwardCalculate the energy change associated with the transition from n=4 to n=1 in the hydrogen atom.arrow_forwardWhat is the wavelength of spectral line resulted from the electron transition from n=3 to n=2 in a hydrogen atom.arrow_forward
- Write electron configurations for the following ions of main group elements: (a) N3−, (b) Ba2+, and (c) Be2+.arrow_forwardWhich of the following elements would be expected to have the highest first ionization energy (IE1)?arrow_forwardArrange in order of increasing nonmetallic character. (a) the period 4 elements Ga, Ge, Ti (b) the Group 5A elements P, Bi, and Narrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning