Concept explainers
Determine how ideal the following solutions are by calculating the mole fraction of solute in each solution, and comparing that to the expected mole fractions. All data are for
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the solution of
Concept introduction:
The mole fraction is given by the formula given below.
In the above expression,
Answer to Problem 7.55E
The solution of
Explanation of Solution
The mole fraction of iodine is calculated as follows.
For
The mole fraction of iodine is calculated as shown below.
Thus, the mole fraction is approximately five times higher than expected due to non-ideal behavior.
The mole fraction
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the solution of
Concept introduction:
The mole fraction is given by the formula given below.
In the above expression,
Answer to Problem 7.55E
The solution of
Explanation of Solution
The mole fraction of iodine is calculated as follows.
For
The mole fraction of iodine is calculated as follows.
Thus, the mole fraction is approximately twenty seven times higher than expected value due to non-ideal behavior.
The mole fraction
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the solution of para-dichlorobenzene,
Concept introduction:
The mole fraction is given by the formula given below.
In the above expression,
Answer to Problem 7.55E
The solution of para-dichlorobenzene,
Explanation of Solution
The mole fraction of
For
The mole fraction of para-dichlorobenzene is calculated as follows.
Thus, the mole fraction is approximately four times higher than expected value due to non-ideal behavior.
The mole fraction
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
- The vapor pressures of several solutions of water-propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) were determined at various compositions, with the following data collected at 45C: H2O Vapor pressure(torr) 0 74.0 0.15 77.3 0.37 80.2 0.54 81.6 0.69 80.6 0.83 78.2 1.00 71.9 a. Are solutions of water and propanol ideal? Explain. b. Predict the sign of Hsoln for water-propanol solutions. c. Are the interactive forces between propanol and water molecules weaker than, stronger than, or equal to the interactive forces between the pure substances? Explain. d. Which of the solutions in the data would have the lowest normal boiling point?arrow_forwardThe organic salt [(C4H9)4N][ClO4] consists of the ions (C4H9)4N+ and ClO4. The salt dissolves in chloroform. What mass (in grams) of the salt must have been dissolved if the boiling point of a solution of the salt in 25.0 g chloroform is 63.20 C? The normal boiling point of chloroform is 61.70 C and Kb = 3.63 C kg mol1. Assume that the salt dissociates completely into its ions in solution.arrow_forwardHydrochloric acid is sold as a concentrated aqueous solution. If the concentration of commercial HCl is 12.0 M and its density is 1.18 g/cm3, calculate the following: (a) the molality of the solution (b) the weight percent of HCl in the solutionarrow_forward
- The density of a 3.75 M aqueous sulfuric acid solution in a car battery is 1.225 g/mL. Express the concentration of the solution in molality, mole fraction H2SO2, and mass percentage of H2SO4.arrow_forward6-111 As noted in Section 6-8C, the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure obeys a law similar in form to the ideal gas law (discussed in Section 5-4), where Substituting for pressure and solving for osmotic pressures gives the following equation: RT MRT, where M is the concentration or molarity of the solution. (a) Determine the osmotic pressure at 25°C of a 0.0020 M sucrose (C12H22O11) solution. (b) Seawater contains 3.4 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming the solute consists entirely of NaCl (and complete dissociation of the NaCI salt), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C. (c) The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25°C. What concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood? (d) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210. mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme? (e) The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of a certain protein was measured in order to determine the protein's molar mass. The solution contained 3.50 mg of protein dissolved in sufficient water to form 5.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution at 25°C was found to be 1.54 torr. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning