Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 7.82PAE
7.72 How does an MSN differ from amorphous silica so that is has improved biocompatibility?
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Energy is required to remove two electrons from Ca to formCa2+, and energy is required to add two electrons to O toform O2 - . Yet CaO is stable relative to the free elements.Which statement is the best explanation? (a) The latticeenergy of CaO is large enough to overcome these processes.(b) CaO is a covalent compound, and these processes areirrelevant. (c) CaO has a higher molar mass than either Ca orO. (d) The enthalpy of formation of CaO is small. (e) CaO isstable to atmospheric conditions.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 7 - List some factors influencing the biocompatibility...Ch. 7 - • use electron configurations to explain why...Ch. 7 - • describe die energy changes in the formation of...Ch. 7 - • define electronegativity and state how...Ch. 7 - • identify or predict polar, nonpolar, and ionic...Ch. 7 - • write Lewis electron structures for molecules or...Ch. 7 - • describe chemical bonding using a model based on...Ch. 7 - • explain how hybridization reconciles observed...Ch. 7 - • predict the geometry of a molecule from its,...Ch. 7 - • use models (real or software) to help visualize...
Ch. 7 - • explain the formation of multiple bonds in terms...Ch. 7 - • identify sigma and pi bonds in a molecule and...Ch. 7 - Define the term biocompatibility.Ch. 7 - List some properties associated with biomaterials...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.3PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.4PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.5PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.6PAECh. 7 - Why is the ion not found in nature?Ch. 7 - Why do nonmetals tend to form anions rather than...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.9PAECh. 7 - 7.10 Arrange the members of each of the following...Ch. 7 - 7.11 Arrange the following sets of anions in order...Ch. 7 - 7.12 Which pair will form a compound with the...Ch. 7 - In a lattice, a positive ion is often surrounded...Ch. 7 - Use the concept of lattice energy to rationalize...Ch. 7 - 7.13 Figure 7-2 depicts the interactions of an ion...Ch. 7 - Mat type of bond is likely to form between one...Ch. 7 - 7.14 Describe the difference between a covalent...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.18PAECh. 7 - Sketch a graph of the potential energy of two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.20PAECh. 7 - 7.17 Coulombic forces are often used to explain...Ch. 7 - 7.18 In terms of the strengths of the covalent...Ch. 7 - 7.19 If the formation of chemical bonds always...Ch. 7 - 7.20 Draw the Lewis dot symbol for each of the...Ch. 7 - 7.21 Theoretical models for the structure of...Ch. 7 - 7.22 Use Lewis dot symbols to explain why chlorine...Ch. 7 - 7.23 Define the term lone pair.Ch. 7 - 7.24 How many electrons are shared between two...Ch. 7 - 7.25 How does the bond energy of a double bond...Ch. 7 - 7.26 How is electronegativity defined?Ch. 7 - 7.27 Distinguish between electron affinity and...Ch. 7 - 7.28 Certain elements in the periodic table shown...Ch. 7 - 7.29 When two atoms with different...Ch. 7 - 7.30 The bond in HF is said to be polar, with the...Ch. 7 - 7.31 Why is a bond between two atoms with...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.36PAECh. 7 - 7.33 In each group of three bonds, which bond is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.38PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.39PAECh. 7 - 7.35 Which one of the following contains botb...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.41PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.42PAECh. 7 - 7.37 Draw the Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 7 - 7.38 Draw a Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.45PAECh. 7 - 7.40 Why is it impossible for hydrogen to be the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.47PAECh. 7 - 7.42 Draw resonance structure for (a) (b) and (c)Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.49PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.50PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.51PAECh. 7 - 7.46 Consider the nitrogen-oxygen bond lengths in...Ch. 7 - 7.47 Which of the species listed has a Lewis...Ch. 7 - 7.48 Identify what is incorrect in the Lewis...Ch. 7 - 7.49 Identify what is incorrect in the Lewis...Ch. 7 - 7.50 Chemical species are said to be isoelectronic...Ch. 7 - 7.51 Explain the concept of wave interference in...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between constructive and destructive...Ch. 7 - How is the concept of orbital overlap related to...Ch. 7 - 7.52 How does orbital overlap explain the buildup...Ch. 7 - 7.53 How do sigma and pi bonds differ? How are...Ch. 7 - 7.54 CO , CO2 , CH3OH , and CO32 , all contain...Ch. 7 - 7.55 Draw the Lewis dot structure of the following...Ch. 7 - 7.56 Draw the Lewis dot structures of the...Ch. 7 - 7.57 What observation about molecules compels us...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.66PAECh. 7 - 7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by...Ch. 7 - Considering only s and p atomic orbitals, list all...Ch. 7 - 7.61 What hybrid orbitals would be expected for...Ch. 7 - 7.62 What type of hybridization would you expect...Ch. 7 - 7.63 What physical concept forms the premise of...Ch. 7 - 7.64 Predict the geometry of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.73PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.74PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.75PAECh. 7 - 7.68 Give approximate values for the indicated...Ch. 7 - 7.69 Propene has the chemical formula Describe the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.78PAECh. 7 - Describe what happens to the shape about the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.80PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.81PAECh. 7 - 7.72 How does an MSN differ from amorphous silica...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.83PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.84PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.85PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.86PAECh. 7 - 7.91 A Lewis structure for the oxalate ion is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.88PAECh. 7 - 7.93 An unknown metal M forms a chloride with the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.90PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.91PAECh. 7 - 7.96 Consider the hydrocarbons whose structures...Ch. 7 - 7.97 Consider the structure shown below for as...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.94PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.95PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.96PAECh. 7 - 7.101 Lead selenide nanocrystals may provide a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.98PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.99PAECh. 7 - 7.104 Hydrogen azide, HN3 , is a liquid that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.101PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.102PAECh. 7 - 7.107 How do the Lewis symbols for C, Si, and Ge...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.104PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.105PAE
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- 7.84 Which of the following molecules is least likely to actually exist OF4,SF4,SeF4 , or TeF4 ? Why?arrow_forward1. Given the following information, calculate the lattice energy for LiI(s). Show all work and construct a diagram(cycle) that shows each step in the process of forming LiI(s) from gaseous ions.arrow_forward(i) What is the covalency of N in N2O5 ?(ii) Explain why phosphorus forms pentachloride whereas nitrogen andbismuth do not?arrow_forward
- Although nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is a thermally stable compound, nitrogen triiodide (Nl3) is known to be a highly explosive material. NI3 can be synthesized according to the equation BN(s)+3IF(g)BF3(g)+NI3(g) a. What is the enthalpy of formation for NI3(s) given the enthalpy of reaction ( 307 kJ) and the enthalpies of formation for BN(s) (254 kJ/mol), IF(g) ( 96 kJ/mol), and BF3(g) ( 1136 kJ/mol)? b. It is reported that when the synthesis of NI3 is conducted using 4 moles of IF for every l mole of BN. one of the by-products isolated is [IF2]+ [BF4]. What are the molecular geometries of the species in this by-product? What are the hybridizations of the central atoms in each species in the by-product?arrow_forwardUsing the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, determine which bond is stronger: the SF bond in SF4(g) or in SF6(g)?arrow_forwardThe bond length in HI(1.62) is close to the sum of the atomic radii of H (0.37 Å) and I (1.33 Å). What does this fact indicate about the polarity of the bond?arrow_forward
- What are the representative elements? In what region(s) of the periodic table are these elements found? In what general area of the periodic table are the metallic elements found? In what general area of the table are the nonmetals found? When in the table are the metalloids located?arrow_forwardList some properties associated with biomaterials used for joint replacements.arrow_forward7.17 Coulombic forces are often used to explain ionic bonding. Are coulombic forces involved in covalent bonding as well? Explain.arrow_forward
- hy is the molecular structure of H2Ononlinear, whereas that of BeF2is linear, even though both molecules consist of three atoms?arrow_forward7.46 Consider the nitrogen-oxygen bond lengths in NO2+ , NO2 , and NO3 . In which ion is the bond predicted to be longest? In which is it predicted to be the shortest? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardif 150 nm light is required to break the bond in CO2-, then what is the molar bond energy in for the bond in kg/mol ?arrow_forward
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