Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 7.9, Problem 13P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond).  Electron withdrawal increases acidity.  Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond).  Electron withdrawal increases acidity.  Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity.  Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond).  Electron withdrawal increases acidity.  Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond).  Electron withdrawal increases acidity.  Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given species identify whether it withdraw electrons inductively or donates electrons by hyper conjugation, withdraws electrons by resonance or donates electrons by resonance.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond).  Electron withdrawal increases acidity.  Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Rule: The strength of a base depends on the stability of its conjugate acid.

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)

Ch. 7.8 - Which member of each pair is the stronger base? a....Ch. 7.9 - Prob. 13PCh. 7.9 - Which species in each of the following pairs is...Ch. 7.9 - Prob. 16PCh. 7.11 - Prob. 18PCh. 7.11 - Prob. 19PCh. 7.11 - Prob. 20PCh. 7.11 - Prob. 21PCh. 7.11 - Prob. 22PCh. 7.12 - Prob. 23PCh. 7.12 - Prob. 24PCh. 7.15 - Prob. 25PCh. 7.15 - Which of the following are aromatic? A...Ch. 7.17 - Prob. 29PCh. 7.17 - Prob. 30PCh. 7 - Prob. 31PCh. 7 - Prob. 32PCh. 7 - Prob. 33PCh. 7 - Prob. 34PCh. 7 - Prob. 35PCh. 7 - Prob. 36PCh. 7 - Which of the compounds in each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 39PCh. 7 - Prob. 40PCh. 7 - Prob. 41PCh. 7 - Prob. 42PCh. 7 - Prob. 43PCh. 7 - Prob. 44PCh. 7 - Prob. 45PCh. 7 - Which species in each of the pairs in Problem 45...Ch. 7 - Rank the following anions in order from most basic...Ch. 7 - a. Which oxygen atom has the greater electron...Ch. 7 - Prob. 49PCh. 7 - Which compound is the strongest base?Ch. 7 - Prob. 51PCh. 7 - Prob. 52PCh. 7 - Prob. 53PCh. 7 - Prob. 54PCh. 7 - Prob. 55PCh. 7 - a. Which dienophile in each pair is more reactive...Ch. 7 - Prob. 57PCh. 7 - Draw the product of each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 59PCh. 7 - Prob. 60PCh. 7 - Prob. 61PCh. 7 - a. In what direction is the dipole moment in...Ch. 7 - Propose a mechanism for each of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1PCh. 7 - Prob. 2PCh. 7 - Prob. 3PCh. 7 - Prob. 4PCh. 7 - Prob. 5PCh. 7 - Prob. 6PCh. 7 - Prob. 7PCh. 7 - Prob. 8PCh. 7 - Prob. 9PCh. 7 - Prob. 10PCh. 7 - Prob. 11PCh. 7 - Prob. 12P
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