Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
Chapter 8, Problem 122E
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given data, mixing ratio and number of molecules per cubic centimeter for both benzene and toluene should be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Mixing ratio is used to express the concentration of trace compounds in air. Mixing ratios are often expressed as ppmv (parts per million volume);

    ppmvofX=volumeofXatSTPtotalvolumeofairatSTP×106

  • Number of moles of a substance,

    From its given mass is,

Number of moles=GivenmassMolecularmass

Numberofmolecules=Numberofmoles×6.022×1023moleculesmol

  • By combining the three gaseous laws namely Boyle’s law, Charles’s law and Avogadro’s law a combined gaseous equation is obtained. This combined gaseous equation is called Ideal gas law.

According to ideal gas law,

PV=nRT

By rearranging the equation, unknown volume can be determined as,

V=nRTP

Where,

P = pressure in atmospheres

V= volumes in liters

n = number of moles

R =universal gas constant ( 0.08206L×atm/K×mol )

T = temperature in kelvins

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 122E

Answer

  • Mixing ratio of benzene  =9.47×10-3ppmv
  • Mixing ratio of toluene   =1.37×10-2ppmv
  • Number of molecules per cubic centimeter for benzene 

=2.31×1011moleculesbenzene/cm3

  • Number of molecules per cubic centimeter for toluene

=3.33×1011moleculestoluene/cm3

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

  • To determine: The mixing ratio of benzene

Mixing ratio of benzene  =9.47×10-3ppmv

Forbenzene,Tocalculatethemixingratio,numberofmolesandvolumeofbenzeneshouldbedetermined.Number of moles=GivenmassMolecularmassGivenmass=89.6×10-9gMolecularmass=78.11gNumberofmoles(nbenzene)=89.6×10-9g78.11g=1.15×10-9molbenzeneVolumeofbenzene=nbenzene×TPR=0.08206L×atm/K×molT=23°C=296KSince,K=°C+273=23°C+273=296KP=748torr=0.99atmSince,1atm=760torr748torr=748760atm=0.99atmVbenzene=1.15×10-9mol×296K×0.08206 LatmKmol0.99atm=2.84×10-8LMixingratio=volumeofXatSTPtotalvolumeofairatSTP×106Vbenzene=2.84×10-8LTotalvolume ofthesample=3.00LMixingratio=2.84×10-8L3.00L×106=9.47×10-3ppmv

  • To determine: Number of molecules per cubic centimeter of benzene.

Number of molecules per cubic centimeter for benzene

=2.31×1011moleculesbenzene/cm3

Numberofmoleculespercubiccentimetre=Numberofmoles×6.022×1023moleculesmolTotalvolumeofthesample=3.0LNumberofmolespervolumeofthesample=1.15×10-9molbenzene3.00LSince,1L=1000cm3Numberofmolespercubiccentimetre=1.15×10-9molbenzene3.00L×11000cm3Numberofmoleculespercubiccentimetre=1.15×10-9molbenzene3.00L×11000cm3×6.022×1023moleculesmol=2.31×1011moleculesbenzene/cm3

  • To determine: The mixing ratio of toluene

Mixing ratio of toluene =1.37×10-2ppmv

Fortoluene,Tocalculatethemixingratio,numberofmolesandvolumeofbenzeneshouldbedetermined.Number of moles=GivenmassMolecularmassGivenmass=153×10-9gMolecularmass=92.13gNumberofmoles(ntoluene)=153×10-9g92.13g=1.66×10-9moltolueneVolumeoftoluene=ntoluene×TPR=0.08206L×atm/K×molT=23°C=296KSince,K=°C+273=23°C+273=296KP=748torr=0.99atmSince,1atm=760torr748torr=748760atm=0.99atmVtoluene=1.66×10-9mol×296K×0.08206 LatmKmol0.99atm=4.10×10-8LMixingratio=volumeofXatSTPtotalvolumeofairatSTP×106Vtoluene=4.10×10-8LTotalvolume ofthesample=3.00LMixingratio=4.10×10-8L3.00L×106=1.37×10-2ppmv

  • To determine: Number of molecules per cubic centimeter of toluene.

Number of molecules per cubic centimeter for toluene

=3.33×1011moleculestoluene/cm3

Numberofmoleculespercubiccentimetre=Numberofmoles×6.022×1023moleculesmolTotalvolumeofthesample=3.0LNumberofmolespervolumeofthesample=1.66×10-9moltoluene3.00LSince,1L=1000cm3Numberofmolespercubiccentimetre=1.66×10-9moltoluene3.00L×11000cm3Numberofmoleculespercubiccentimetre=1.66×10-9moltoluene3.00L×11000cm3×6.022×1023moleculesmol=3.33×1011moleculestoluene/cm3

Conclusion

Conclusion

Mixing ratio and number of molecules per cubic centimeter for both benzene and toluene is determined on the basis of respective equations.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

Ch. 8 - Prob. 3ALQCh. 8 - Prob. 4ALQCh. 8 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 8 - Prob. 8ALQCh. 8 - Prob. 11ALQCh. 8 - Prob. 12ALQCh. 8 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 8 - Prob. 16ALQCh. 8 - Draw molecular-level views that show the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20QCh. 8 - Prob. 21QCh. 8 - Prob. 22QCh. 8 - Prob. 23QCh. 8 - Prob. 24QCh. 8 - Prob. 25QCh. 8 - Consider two different containers, each filled...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27QCh. 8 - Prob. 28QCh. 8 - Prob. 29QCh. 8 - Prob. 30QCh. 8 - Prob. 31QCh. 8 - Prob. 32QCh. 8 - Prob. 33QCh. 8 - Prob. 34QCh. 8 - Prob. 35QCh. 8 - Prob. 36QCh. 8 - Prob. 37ECh. 8 - Prob. 38ECh. 8 - A sealed-tube manometer (as shown below) can be...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40ECh. 8 - A diagram for an open-tube manometer is shown...Ch. 8 - Prob. 42ECh. 8 - Prob. 43ECh. 8 - Prob. 44ECh. 8 - Prob. 45ECh. 8 - Prob. 46ECh. 8 - Prob. 47ECh. 8 - Prob. 48ECh. 8 - Prob. 49ECh. 8 - Prob. 50ECh. 8 - The Steel reaction vessel of a bomb calorimeter,...Ch. 8 - A 5.0-L flask contains 0.60 g O2 at a temperature...Ch. 8 - Prob. 53ECh. 8 - A person accidentally swallows a drop of liquid...Ch. 8 - A gas sample containing 1.50 moles at 25C exerts a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 56ECh. 8 - Prob. 57ECh. 8 - What will be the effect on the volume of an ideal...Ch. 8 - Prob. 59ECh. 8 - Prob. 60ECh. 8 - An ideal gas is contained in a cylinder with a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 62ECh. 8 - A sealed balloon is filled with 1.00 L helium at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 64ECh. 8 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 8 - A student adds 4.00 g of dry ice (solid CO2) to an...Ch. 8 - Air bags are activated when a severe impact causes...Ch. 8 - Concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions are...Ch. 8 - In 1897 the Swedish explorer Andre tried to reach...Ch. 8 - Sulfur trioxide, SO3, is produced in enormous...Ch. 8 - A 15.0-L rigid container was charged with 0.500...Ch. 8 - An important process for the production of...Ch. 8 - Consider the reaction between 50.0 mL liquid...Ch. 8 - Urea (H2NCONH2) is used extensively as a nitrogen...Ch. 8 - Prob. 75ECh. 8 - Prob. 76ECh. 8 - Prob. 77ECh. 8 - A compound has the empirical formula CHCl. A...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79ECh. 8 - Given that a sample of air is made up of nitrogen,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 81ECh. 8 - Prob. 82ECh. 8 - Prob. 83ECh. 8 - Prob. 84ECh. 8 - Consider the flasks in the following diagram. What...Ch. 8 - Consider the flask apparatus in Exercise 85, which...Ch. 8 - Prob. 87ECh. 8 - At 0C a 1.0-L flask contains 5.0 102 mole of N2,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 89ECh. 8 - A tank contains a mixture of 52.5 g oxygen gas and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 91ECh. 8 - Helium is collected over water at 25C and 1.00 atm...Ch. 8 - At elevated temperatures, sodium chlorate...Ch. 8 - Xenon and fluorine will react to form binary...Ch. 8 - Methanol (CH3OH) can be produced by the following...Ch. 8 - In the Mthode Champenoise, grape juice is...Ch. 8 - Hydrogen azide, HN3, decomposes on heating by the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 98ECh. 8 - Some very effective rocket fuels are composed of...Ch. 8 - The oxides of Group 2A metals (symbolized by M...Ch. 8 - Prob. 101ECh. 8 - Prob. 102ECh. 8 - Prob. 103ECh. 8 - Prob. 104ECh. 8 - Prob. 105ECh. 8 - Prob. 106ECh. 8 - Prob. 107ECh. 8 - Prob. 108ECh. 8 - Prob. 109ECh. 8 - Prob. 110ECh. 8 - Prob. 111ECh. 8 - Prob. 112ECh. 8 - Prob. 113ECh. 8 - Prob. 114ECh. 8 - Prob. 115ECh. 8 - Prob. 116ECh. 8 - Prob. 117ECh. 8 - Prob. 118ECh. 8 - Prob. 119ECh. 8 - Prob. 120ECh. 8 - Prob. 121ECh. 8 - Prob. 122ECh. 8 - Prob. 123AECh. 8 - At STP, 1.0 L Br2 reacts completely with 3.0 L F2,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 125AECh. 8 - A 2.747g sample of manganese metal is reacted with...Ch. 8 - Prob. 127AECh. 8 - Cyclopropane, a gas that when mixed with oxygen is...Ch. 8 - The nitrogen content of organic compounds can be...Ch. 8 - Prob. 130AECh. 8 - A 15.0L tank is filled with H2 to a pressure of...Ch. 8 - A spherical glass container of unknown volume...Ch. 8 - Prob. 133AECh. 8 - A 20.0L stainless steel container at 25C was...Ch. 8 - Metallic molybdenum can be produced from the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 136AECh. 8 - Prob. 137AECh. 8 - One of the chemical controversies of the...Ch. 8 - An organic compound contains C, H, N, and O....Ch. 8 - Prob. 140AECh. 8 - The total volume of hydrogen gas needed to fill...Ch. 8 - Prob. 142AECh. 8 - Prob. 143CWPCh. 8 - Prob. 144CWPCh. 8 - A certain flexible weather balloon contains helium...Ch. 8 - Prob. 146CWPCh. 8 - A 20.0L nickel container was charged with 0.859...Ch. 8 - Consider the unbalanced chemical equation below:...Ch. 8 - Prob. 149CWPCh. 8 - Which of the following statements is(are) true? a....Ch. 8 - A chemist weighed out 5.14 g of a mixture...Ch. 8 - A mixture of chromium and zinc weighing 0.362 g...Ch. 8 - Prob. 153CPCh. 8 - You have an equimolar mixture of the gases SO2 and...Ch. 8 - Methane (CH4) gas flows into a combustion chamber...Ch. 8 - Prob. 156CPCh. 8 - Prob. 157CPCh. 8 - Prob. 158CPCh. 8 - You have a helium balloon at 1.00 atm and 25C. You...Ch. 8 - Prob. 160CPCh. 8 - You are given an unknown gaseous binary compound...Ch. 8 - Prob. 162CPCh. 8 - Calculate w and E when 1 mole of a liquid is...Ch. 8 - The preparation of NO2(g) from N2(g) and O2(g) is...Ch. 8 - In the presence of nitric acid, UO2+ undergoes a...Ch. 8 - Silane, SiH4, is the silicon analogue of methane,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 167IPCh. 8 - Prob. 168IPCh. 8 - Prob. 169MP
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