Concept explainers
The experimental evidence that convinced Thomson that he had discovered a subatomic particle, while working with cathode rays.
Answer to Problem 1CQ
While discovering cathode rays, J.J. Thomson observed deflection of cathode rays in between charged metal plates. After observing these all Thomson concludes that the electrons are fundamental particle of matter and he called them as sub atomic particle.
Explanation of Solution
While discovering cathode rays, J.J. Thomson observed deflection of cathode rays in between charged metal plates. As the law of charges if the charges characteristic are same then they repel each other and when the charges characteristic are different then they attract each other.
The cathode rays are negatively charged particles and deflected in the combination of the electric and magnetic fields. After observing that the invariance of the ratio of charge to mass Thomson concluded that the electrons are a fundamental particle of a matter and it is true no matter what the conditions under which he measured the ratio. So he called them as a subatomic particle.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Integrated Science (looseleaf)
- Discuss the way in which Thomson’s model is nonphysical. Support your argument with experimental evidence.arrow_forwardShow that Planck’s constant has the dimensions of angular momentum.arrow_forwardIntegrated Concepts In a laboratory experiment designed to duplicate Thomson's determination of qe/me, a beam of electrons having a velocity of 6.00107m/s enters a 5.00103T magnetic field. The beam moves perpendicular to the field in a path having a 6.80-cm radius of curvature. Determine qe/me from these observations, and compare the result with the known value.arrow_forward
- Find the de Brogue wavelength of an electron accelerated from rest in an X-ray rube in the potential difference of 100 keV. (Rest mass energy of an electron is E0=511 keV.)arrow_forwardUse an example of a quantum particle in a box or a quantum oscillator to explain the physical meaning of Bohr's correspondence principle.arrow_forwardDo gravitational forces have a significant effect on atomic energy levels?arrow_forward
- Why are X-rays emitted only for electron transitions to inner shells? What type of photon is emitted for transitions between outer shells?arrow_forwardThe Balmer series for hydrogen was discovered before either the Lyman or the Paschen series. Why?arrow_forwardA Thomson-type experiment with relativistic electrons. One of the earliest experiments to show that p = mv (rather than p = mv) was that of Neumann. [G. Neumann, Ann. Physik 45:529 (1914)]. The apparatus shown in Figure P4.5 is identical to Thomsons except that the source of high-speed electrons is a radioactive radium source and the magnetic field B is arranged to act on the electron over its entire trajectory from source to detector. The combined electric and magnetic fields act as a velocity selector, only passing electrons with speed v, where v = V/Bd (Equation 4.6), while in the region where there is only a magnetic field the electron moves in a circle of radius r, with r given by p = Bre. This latter region (E = 0, B = constant) acts as a momentum selector because electrons with larger momenta have paths with larger radii. (a) Show that the radius of the circle described by the electron is given by r = (l2 + y2)/2y. (b) Typical values for the Neumann experiment were d = 2.51 104 m, B = 0.0177 T, and l = 0.0247 m. For V = 1060 V, y, the most critical value, was measured to be 0.0024 0.0005 m. Show that these values disagree with the y value calculated from p = mv but agree with the y value calculated from p = mv within experimental error. (Hint: Find v from Equation 4.6, use mv = Bre or mv = Bre to find r, and use r to find y.) Figure P4.5 The Neumann apparatus.arrow_forward
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