Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 54PS
Phosgene, Cl2CO, is a highly toxic gas that was used as a weapon in World War 1. Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine to produce phosgene.
CO(g) + Cl2(g) → Cl2CO(g)
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Methanol, CH3OH, may be an excellent alternative fuel. The high-temperature reaction of steam and carbon produces a mixture of the gases carbon monoxide, CO, and hydrogen, H2, from which methanol can be produced. Using the bond energies as shown, calculate the approximate enthalpy change, ΔH, for the reaction here: CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⟶ CH3 OH(g)
Using bond energy data from the internet, show calculations for the approximate enthalpy change for the following reaction:
Cl2 (g) + 3F2 (g) = 2ClF3 (g)
Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O(g), can decompose to nitrogen and oxygen gases:
2N2O(g) -> 2N2(g) + O2(g)
Use average bond energies to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction.
Assume: N2O -> N≡N-O
N2 -> N≡N
O2 -> O=O
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 8.2 - Draw Lewis electron dot structures for CH3Cl...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 8.2 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8.2 - 2. Which one of the species in the list below is...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3RCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 4RCCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 8.3 - 1. What is the formal charge of the P atom in the...
Ch. 8.4 - Draw resonance structures for the bicarbonate ion,...Ch. 8.4 - 1. For which of the following species, SO32−, NO+,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2RCCh. 8.5 - Sketch the Lewis structures for CIF2+ and CIF2....Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1QCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2QCh. 8.5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2RCCh. 8.6 - What is the shape of the dichloromethane (CH2C12)...Ch. 8.6 - Give the electron-pair geometry and molecular...Ch. 8.6 - Draw the Lewis structure for lCl2, and then decide...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 8.6 - Which of the following species has...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 8.6 - What is the approximate ClCCl bond angle in...Ch. 8.6 - 4. What is the molecular geometry of N2O (where...Ch. 8.7 - Draw the resonance structures for SCN. What are...Ch. 8.7 - For each of the following molecules, decide...Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8.7 - 2. Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 8.7 - Three resonance forms can be drawn for the...Ch. 8.8 - The electrostatic potential surface for SOCl2 is...Ch. 8.8 - Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8.8 - Prob. 2RCCh. 8.9 - 1. Which of the following species has the longest...Ch. 8.9 - 2. Which of the following species has the largest...Ch. 8.9 - 3. Use bond dissociation enthalpies to estimate...Ch. 8 - Give the periodic group number and number of...Ch. 8 - Give the periodic group number and number of...Ch. 8 - For elements in Groups 4A-7A of the periodic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4PSCh. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Show all possible resonance structures for each of...Ch. 8 - Show all possible resonance structures for each of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11PSCh. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Determine the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 8 - Determine the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 8 - Determine the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 8 - Determine the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18PSCh. 8 - Prob. 19PSCh. 8 - The following molecules or ions all have three...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Give approximate values for the indicated bond...Ch. 8 - Give approximate values for the indicated bond...Ch. 8 - Phenylalanine is one of the natural amino acids...Ch. 8 - Acetylacetone has the structure shown here....Ch. 8 - For each pair of bonds, indicate the more polar...Ch. 8 - For each of the bonds listed below, tell which...Ch. 8 - Urea, (NH2)2CO, is used in plastics and...Ch. 8 - Considering both formal charges and bond...Ch. 8 - Considering both formal charge and bond...Ch. 8 - Three resonance structures are possible for...Ch. 8 - Three resonance structures are possible for the...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron dot structures of the...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron dot structures of the...Ch. 8 - The chemistry of the nitrite ion and HNO2: (a) Two...Ch. 8 - Draw the resonance structures for the formate ion,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 39PSCh. 8 - Consider the following molecules: (a) CH4 (b)...Ch. 8 - Which of the following molecules is(are) polar?...Ch. 8 - Prob. 42PSCh. 8 - Give the bond order for each bond in the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 44PSCh. 8 - In each pair of bonds, predict which is shorter....Ch. 8 - In each pair of bonds, predict which is shorter....Ch. 8 - Prob. 47PSCh. 8 - Compare the carbon-oxygen bond lengths in the...Ch. 8 - Consider the carbon-oxygen bond in formaldehyde...Ch. 8 - Compare the nitrogen-nitrogen bond in hydrazine,...Ch. 8 - Ethanol can be made by the reaction of ethylene...Ch. 8 - Methanol can be made by partial oxidation of...Ch. 8 - Hydrogenation reactions, which involve the...Ch. 8 - Phosgene, Cl2CO, is a highly toxic gas that was...Ch. 8 - The compound oxygen difluoride is quite reactive,...Ch. 8 - Oxygen atoms can combine with ozone to form...Ch. 8 - Prob. 57GQCh. 8 - Prob. 58GQCh. 8 - Which of the following compounds or ions do not...Ch. 8 - Prob. 60GQCh. 8 - Draw resonance structures for the formate ion,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 62GQCh. 8 - Prob. 63GQCh. 8 - What is the principle of electroneutrality? Use...Ch. 8 - Prob. 65GQCh. 8 - Draw resonance structures for the SO2 molecule,...Ch. 8 - What are the orders of the NO bonds in NO2 and...Ch. 8 - Which has the greater ONO bond angle, NO2 or NO2+?...Ch. 8 - Compare the FClF angles in CIF2+ and ClF2. Using...Ch. 8 - Draw an electron dot structure for the cyanide...Ch. 8 - Draw the electron dot structure for the sulfite...Ch. 8 - Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, can decompose to...Ch. 8 - The equation for the combustion of gaseous...Ch. 8 - The cyanate ion, OCN, has the least...Ch. 8 - Vanillin is the flavoring agent in vanilla extract...Ch. 8 - Explain why (a) XeF2 has a linear molecular...Ch. 8 - The formula for nitryl chloride is ClNO2 (in which...Ch. 8 - Hydroxyproline is a less-common amino acid. (a)...Ch. 8 - Amides are an important class of organic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 81GQCh. 8 - The molecule shown here. 2-furylmelhanethiol, is...Ch. 8 - Dihydroxyacetone is a component of quick-tanning...Ch. 8 - It is possible to draw three resonance structures...Ch. 8 - Acrolein is used to make plastics. Suppose this...Ch. 8 - Molecules in space: (a) In addition to molecules...Ch. 8 - 1,2-Dichloroethylene can be synthesized by adding...Ch. 8 - The molecule pictured below is epinephrine, a...Ch. 8 - You are doing an experiment in the laboratory and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 90ILCh. 8 - A paper published in the research Journal Science...Ch. 8 - Uracil is one of the bases in RNA, a close...Ch. 8 - Prob. 93SCQCh. 8 - Prob. 94SCQCh. 8 - Bromine-containing species play a role in...Ch. 8 - Acrylamide, H2C=CHCONH2, is a known neurotoxin and...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The equation for the combustion of gaseous methanol is 2 CH3OH(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g) (a) Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction. What is the enthalpy of combustion of one mole of gaseous methanol? (b) Compare your answer in part (a) with the value of tHcalculated using enthalpies of formation data.arrow_forwardUsing the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous methane, CH4, to give water vapor and carbon dioxide gas.arrow_forwardEthanol can be made by the reaction of ethylene and water: H2C=CH2(g) + H2O(g) CH3CH2OH(g) Use bond dissociation enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change in this reaction. Compare the value obtained to the value calculated from enthalpies of formation.arrow_forward
- Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, can decompose to nitrogen and oxygen gas: 2 N2O(g) 2 N2(g) + O2(g) Use bond dissociation enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction.arrow_forwardn your own words, what is meant by the term electronegativity? What are the trends across and down the periodic table for electronegativity? Explain them, and describe how they are consistent with trends of ionization energy and atomic radii.arrow_forwardHydrogenation reactions, which involve the addition of H2 to a molecule, are widely used in industry to transform one compound into another. For example, 1-butene (C4H8) is converted to butane (C4H10) by addition of H2. Use the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8 to estimate the enthalpy change for this hydrogenation reaction.arrow_forward
- Bromine-containing species play a role in environmental chemistry. For example, they are evolved in volcanic eruptions. (a) The following molecules are important in bromine environmental chemistry: HBr, BrO, and HOBr. Which is an odd-electron molecule? (b) Use bond dissociation enthalpies to estimate rH for three reactions of bromine: Br2(g) 2 Br(g) 2 Br(g) + O2(g) 2 BrO(g) BrO(g) + H2O(g) HOBr(g) + OH(g) (c) Using bond dissociation enthalpies, estimate the standard enthalpy of formation of HOBr(g) from H2(g), O2(g), and Br2(g). (d) Are the reactions in parts (b) and (c) exothermic or endothermic?arrow_forwardIn which of the following molecules does the sulfur have an expanded octet? For those that do, write the Lewis structure. (a) SO2 (b) SF4 (c) SO2Cl2 (d) SF6arrow_forwardAn important observation supporting the concept of resonance in the localized electron model was that there are only three different structures of dichlorobenzene (C6H4C10). How does this fact support the concept of resonance (see Exercise 89)?arrow_forward
- A toxic cloud covered Bhopal, India, in December 1984 when water leaked into a tank of methyl isocyanate, and the product escaped into the atmosphere. Methyl isocyanate is used in the production of many pesticides. Draw the Lewis structures for methyl isocyanate, CH3NCO, including resonance forms. The skeletal structure isarrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions. (a) CS2 (b) BF4 (c) HNO2 (where the bonding is in the order HONO) (d) OSCl2 (where S is the central atom)arrow_forwardBased on bond enthalpies, which do you expect to be more reactive? Based on bond enthalpies, which do you expect to be more reactive? oxygen, O2 hydrogen peroxide, H2O2arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Calorimetry Concept, Examples and Thermochemistry | How to Pass Chemistry; Author: Melissa Maribel;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSh29lUGj00;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY