Chapter 8, Problem 8.100EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The osmolarity of $1\text{M}{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Osmosis is the process by which net movement of solvent into a expanse of higher solute concentration via semi permeable membrane.

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution. We can calculate osmotic pressure by using this formula is given by,

Osmotic pressure $\text{(π) = iMRT}$

Where,

  i- Von’tHoff’s factor

  M – Molarity of the solution (mol/L)

  R- Ideal gas constant (0.08206${\text{L atm mol}}^{\text{-1}}{\text{K}}^{\text{-1}}$)

  T-Temperature in Kelvin

Explanation of Solution

Given data is as follows:

    ${\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{=}1\text{M}$

Osmolarity can be determined by the equation given below:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}\text{molarity}\text{×}\text{i}\\ \text{i}\text{-}\text{number}\text{of}\text{particles}\text{per}\text{formula}\text{unit}\\ \text{of}\text{the}\text{solute}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, osmolarity of $1\text{M}{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}$ is calculated as below:

$\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}1.\text{0}\text{M}\text{×}\text{2}\text{=}2.\text{0}\text{OsM}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The osmolarity of $\text{1}\text{M}{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Osmosis is the process by which net movement of solvent into a expanse of higher solute concentration via semi permeable membrane.

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution. We can calculate osmotic pressure by using this formula is given by,

Osmotic pressure $\text{(π) = iMRT}$

Where,

  i- Von’tHoff’s factor

  M – Molarity of the solution (mol/L)

  R- Ideal gas constant (0.08206${\text{L atm mol}}^{\text{-1}}{\text{K}}^{\text{-1}}$)

  T-Temperature in Kelvin

Explanation of Solution

Given data is as follows:

$\text{C}\text{of}{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\text{=}\text{1}\text{M}$

Osmolarity can be determined by the equation given below:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}\text{molarity}\text{×}\text{i}\\ \text{i}\text{-}\text{number}\text{of}\text{particles}\text{per}\text{formula}\text{unit}\\ \text{of}\text{the}\text{solute}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, osmolarity of $\text{1}\text{M}{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ is calculated as below:

$\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}1.\text{0}\text{M}\text{×}3\text{=}3.\text{0}\text{OsM}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The osmolarity of $\text{1}\text{M}\text{in}{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{and}{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Osmosis is the process by which net movement of solvent into a expanse of higher solute concentration via semi permeable membrane.

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution. We can calculate osmotic pressure by using this formula is given by,

Osmotic pressure $\text{(π) = iMRT}$

Where,

  i- Von’tHoff’s factor

  M – Molarity of the solution (mol/L)

  R- Ideal gas constant (0.08206${\text{L atm mol}}^{\text{-1}}{\text{K}}^{\text{-1}}$)

  T-Temperature in Kelvin

Explanation of Solution

Given data is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C}\text{of}{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{=}\text{1}\text{M}\\ \\ \text{C}\text{of}{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\text{=}1\text{M}\end{array}$

Osmolarity can be determined by the equation given below:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}\text{molarity}\text{×}\text{i}\\ \text{i}\text{-}\text{number}\text{of}\text{particles}\text{per}\text{formula}\text{unit}\\ \text{of}\text{the}\text{solute}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, osmolarity of $1\text{M}{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}$ is calculated as below:

$\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}1.\text{0}\text{M}\text{×}\text{2}\text{=}2.\text{0}\text{OsM}$

Therefore, osmolarity of $1\text{M}{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ is calculated as below:

$\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}1.\text{0}\text{M}\text{×}3\text{=}3.\text{0}\text{OsM}$

Total osmolarity is $\text{5}\text{.0}\text{OsM}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The osmolarity of $\text{1M}\text{in}{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{and}\text{glucose}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Osmosis is the process by which net movement of solvent into a expanse of higher solute concentration via semi permeable membrane.

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution. We can calculate osmotic pressure by using this formula is given by,

Osmotic pressure $\text{(π) = iMRT}$

Where,

  i- Von’tHoff’s factor

  M – Molarity of the solution (mol/L)

  R- Ideal gas constant (0.08206${\text{L atm mol}}^{\text{-1}}{\text{K}}^{\text{-1}}$)

  T-Temperature in Kelvin

Explanation of Solution

Given data is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C}\text{of}{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{=}1\text{M}\\ \\ \text{C}\text{of}\text{glucose}\text{=}1\text{M}\end{array}$

Osmolarity can be determined by the equation given below:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}\text{molarity}\text{×}\text{i}\\ \text{i}\text{-}\text{number}\text{of}\text{particles}\text{per}\text{formula}\text{unit}\\ \text{of}\text{the}\text{solute}\text{.}\end{array}$

Therefore, osmolarity of $1\text{M}{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}$ is calculated as below:

$\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}1.\text{0}\text{M}\text{×}\text{2}\text{=}2.\text{0}\text{OsM}$

Therefore, osmolarity of $1\text{M}\text{glucose}$ is calculated as below:

$\text{Osmolarity}\text{=}1.\text{0}\text{M}\text{×}1\text{=}1.\text{0}\text{OsM}$

Total osmolarity is $\text{3}\text{.0}\text{OsM}$