Concept explainers
To determine: How much ATP is made to the cell from a single glucose molecule by the operation of glycolysis, the formation of acetyl CoA, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of
To determine: The location glycolysis, the formation of acetyl CoA, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in a eukaryotic cell.
Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration, in which the oxygen is consumed as a reactant to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the most efficient mode of respiration in most of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It involves complete combustion or degradation of sugars or organic fuels and produces carbon dioxide (CO2), water, and ATP.
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Biology (MindTap Course List)
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms carry out some form of glycolysis. How does ha fact support or not support the assertion that glycolysis is one of the oldest metabolic pathways?arrow_forwardSince no molecular oxygen participates in the citric acid cycle, the steps in which acetyl groups are oxidized to CO2 involve removal of hydride ions and hydrogen ions. What is the acceptor of hydride ions? What is the acceptor of hydrogen ions?arrow_forwardWould you expect ATP to inhibit or stimulate activity of this enzyme in the glycolysis pathway? Why? What is the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP Synthase during oxidative phosphorylation? Where is CO2 produced in aerobic cell respiration? What would happen to chemiosmosis if the pH in the inner membrane space was decreased (lower)? What would happen if there was an absence of O2 in the electron transport chain? How many ATP’s are formed in the process phosphoglyceraldehyde also known as PGAL? Fatty acid chains after subjected to degradative enzymes in the intestines are hydrolyzed (hydrolysis) into 2 Carbon acetic acid fragments (Each fragment becomes an acetyl Co-A molecule). What stage of cellular respiration will this product of lipolysis enter? How many ATP can one fragment produce in cellular respiration? Calculate the number of ATP harvested from complete oxidation (breakdown) of an 18 carbon fatty acid? Calculate the number of ATP harvested from…arrow_forward
- How are aerobic respiration and fermentation different? What is the function of NAD+ and FADH in cellular respiration? What are the 3 main stages in aerobic cellular respiration? List four products of glycolysis. How is pyruvate modified before entering the citric acid cycle? Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle? List four different products of citric acid cycle. Which of the three main stages of aerobic cellular respiration provides the biggest payoff of ATPs, and about how many ATPs from one glucose during this stage? In the absence of sugar, what else can cells use to produce ATP?arrow_forwardWhich reaction in cellular respiration produces energy through substrate-level phosphorylation? What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain in cellular respiration? What are produced from 1 Glucose molecule during cellular respiration? How many ATP molecules are produced directly during the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardOther than oxidative phosphorylation, what other metabolic pathway does "Complex 2" participate in? 1. Glycolysis 2. Gluconeogenesis 3. Lactic acid fermentation 4. Citric acid cyclearrow_forward
- The electron transport chain makes no ATP directly. Instead, it eases the fall of electrons from food to oxygen, breaking a large free-energy drop into a series of smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts, step by step. How does the mitochondrion (or the plasma membrane in prokaryotes) couple this electron transport and energy release to ATP synthesis?arrow_forwardIn aerobic respiration, how many ATP molecules areproduced from one molecule of glucose through glycolysis,the citric acid cycle, and the electron-transport chain?arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle is frequently described as the major pathway of aerobic catabolism, which means that it is an oxygen-dependent degradative process. However, none of the reactions of the cycle directly involve oxygen as a reactant. Why is the pathway oxygen dependent?arrow_forward
- The Krebs cycle occurs in the Select one: a. cytoplasm, as the compound acetyl CoA enters. b. mitochondria, as the compound pyruvate (C3) enters. c. mitochondria, as the compound acetyl CoA enters. d. cytoplasm, as the compound pyruvate (C3) enters.arrow_forwardIn what part of the cell does the citric acid cycle take place? Does this differ from the part of the cell where glycolysis occurs?arrow_forwardHow many ATPs in total are produced from substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?arrow_forward
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