Define chemiosmosis and explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Q: List the protein complexes in the mitochondrial ETC anddescribe their functions.

A: The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that transfers electrons from electron…

Q: According to the chemiosmotic theory, what would be theeffect on oxidative phosphorylation of…

A: During glycolysis, citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, reduced electron carriers, NADH, and…

Q: Explain how Ca2+, NOS/RNS and mitochondrial membrane transfer problems are inter-related and how/why…

A: Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (•NO) and…

Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…

A: The structure is called a lipid bi-layer because it is composed of two layers of fat cells organized…

Q: Explain the relationship between the metabolic pathwayswithin the mitochondria and glycolysis.

A: Answer- The food we eat is converted into glucose by breakdown using various enzymes of the…

Q: It has taken considerable amounts of re search to establish the number of protons pumped across the…

A: In plants, the electron transport chain(ETC) tends to occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplasts,…

Q: If electron flow through the ETC stops, what happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial…

A: 1.If Electron flow through the ETC stops, proton gradient cannot be maintained i.e, less ATP will be…

Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

A: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles that can be found in nearly every eukaryotic cell.They…

Q: What would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix?…

A: The mitochondria is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most of the eukaryotic organisms.…

Q: Explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial      membrane during…

A: Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure down their…

Q: Electron transfer translocates protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the external medium,…

A: Given : pH medium = 7.4 pH matrix = 7.7 Temperature = 25 degrees celcius = ( 273+25 ) K = 298 K   (0…

Q: Draw a simple sketch illustrating an inner mitochondrial membrane that is actively involved in…

A: The mitochondria are one of the cellular organelles, which has a double bilipid membrane and the…

Q: A principle of biology is that structure determines function.Explain how the invaginations of the…

A: The mitochondria are one of the important cell organelles presents in the eukaryotic cell. The…

Q: What is the role of each of the following in the electron transport chain: (a) FADH 2; (b) ADP; (c)…

A: The electron transport chain(ETC)  acts as a storehouse for several proteins embedded into membranes…

Q: Complex III delivers 4 protons. Where do these 4 come from UQH2 mitochondrial intermembrane space…

A: Introduction :- The electron transport chain's Complex III, also known as Q-cytochrome c…

Q: Identify the final acceptor of the electrons released in the reactions of cellular respiration.

A: Cellular respiration is known as a metabolic pathway that results in the breakdown of glucose and…

Q: Make a rough drawing of the four complexes in the Electron Transport Chain. Label each side of the…

A: The electron transport chain is the process by which the reducing equivalents are oxidized. The…

Q: It has taken considerable amounts of research to establish the number of protons pumped across the…

A: A series of sequential electron-transporting steps is important for the generation of energy…

Q: Diagram how high energy electrons are used to produce ATP in the mitochondrial inner membrane (or…

A: Mitochondria is a powerhouse of the cell and is the main energy producer of the cell.

Q: Is mitochondrial ATP synthase an integral membrane protein?

A: An integral membrane protein is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the…

Q: A chemical is applied to cells that allows the free flow of protons across the mitochondrial…

A: Cellular respiration refers to the group of metabolic reactions that takes place in the cell, which…

Q: Sketch the double-membrane system of the mitochondrion and show where electron transfer chains and…

A: The electron transport chain occurs in mitochondria is a very vital organ during aerobic cellular…

Q: Which directions across the mitochondria must H+, ATP, ADP, and Pi travel during active…

A: Protons (H+) pass back to mitochondrial matrix through a channel in the ATP synthase. It uses…

Q: explain why oxidative phosphorylation is an emergent property of the mitochondria

A: The mitochondria is one of the important cell organelle present in the eukaryotic cell. The…

Q: What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electron transfer events in the mitochondrial…

A: The electron transport chain that occurs in mitochondria is present in a sequence of electron…

Q: Explain in your own words the transport of four protons out of the mitochondrial matrix via the Q…

A: In electron transport (ETC), the quinol  Q cycle is the series of reactions of the oxidation and…

Q: What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electrontransfer events in the mitochondrial…

A: The electron transport chain that occurs in mitochondria is present in a sequence of electron…

Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…

A: Complex 1- electrons go to Complex 1, 4 protons pumped from matrix to intermembrane space. Complex…

Q: Explain why an intact, impermeable mitochondrial membrane is essential forATP synthesis.

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is considered as a process, in which ATP is synthesized, which is utilized…

Q: A larger proton gradient is required to forma single ATP in chloroplasts than in mitochondria.…

A: Major constituents of the living world are plants. These organisms require energy for performing…

Q: Describe some similarities between the electron transportchains in chloroplasts and in mitochondria.

A: A biological cell is a hub of biochemical and metabolic activities. Numerous such activities run…

Q: Describe the processes that are driven by mitochondrial electron transport.

A: Electron transport is part of cellular respiration.

Q: Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.

A: The inner mitochondrial membrane contains various components of the electron transport system. It…

Q: Explain how oxidative phosphorylation is linked to electron transport and how the two processes can…

A: Introduction: Oxidative metabolism takes place in the mitochondrial matrix of the eukaryotic cells.

Q: Why is the measure of the rate of oxygen consumption a means of determining mitochondrial activity?

A: Cells need oxygen to carry out the various metabolic activities. They are collectively called…

Q: list and describe the three major carrier molecule classes that are utilized in the electron…

A: Electron transport systems (ETS) have a significant role in the respiratory process in the body. The…

Q: Look at the diagram of the mitochondrial electron transport chain below and answer the questions…

A: Introduction: The electron transport chain is the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to…

Q: Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP using the reducing power of [NADH, FADH2 or malate]  to move…

A: In the electron transport chain there are three large multiprotein complexes that can serve as…

Q: The following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of the…

A: Answer 5) The process of forming ATP from ADP and Pi coupled with electron transport chain is termed…

Q: Assume there is no cyanide poisoning. What would happen if the inner mitochondrial membrane was…

A: Mitochondrial permeabilization means increasing the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane…

Q: In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate…

A: Complex I is the first enzyme of the respiratory chain. It oxidizes NADH, which is generated through…

Q: Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L,…

A: Acetyl-CoA is produced by the breakdown of both carbohydrates and lipids. It then enters the citric…

Q: propose a mechanism that could allow pyruvate to cross the mitochondrial memebranes to enter the…

A: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis that occurs in the cytosol.

Q: In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate…

A: NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase, also known as NADH dehydrogenase or complex I, is the first protein…

Q: Describe the involvements of the followings in the electron transport centre in the inner…

A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is responsible for the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 molecules…

Q: E A C F В H O2 G Fumarate

A: The electron transport chain is a process in which the NADH and [FADH2] that is produced during…

Q: Complexes I and II of the electron transport complex transfer electrons from NADH and succinate,…

A: The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron…

Q: During chemiosmosis, ATP synthase ____________________. Select all that apply produces ATP in the…

A: Chemiosmosis refers to the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down…

Q: Suppose that the cytochrome complexes were not embedded within the mitochondrial inner membrane.…

A: The term chemiosmosis refers to the movement of chemical species from its higher concentration to…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.