Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251809
Author: Jay L. Devore
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 8.4, Problem 47E
The article “Effects of Bottle Closure Type on Consumer Perception of Wine Quality” (Amer. J. of Enology and Viticulture, 2007: 182–191) reported that in a sample of 106 wine consumers, 22 (20.8%) thought that screw tops were an acceptable substitute for natural corks. Suppose a particular winery decided to use screw tops for one of its wines unless there was strong evidence to suggest that fewer than 25% of wine consumers found this acceptable.
- a. Using a significance level of .10, what would you recommend to the winery?
- b. For the hypotheses tested in (a), describe in context what the type I and II errors would be. and say which type of error might have been committed.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Suppose a researcher is interested inthe effectiveness in a new childhood exercise program implemented in a SRS of schools across a particular county. In order to test the hypothesis that the new program decreases BMI (Kg/m2), the researcher takes a SRS of children from schools where the program is employed and a SRS from schools that do not employ the program and compares the results. Assume the following table represents the SRSs of students and their BMIs.
Student intervention group
BMI (kg/m2)
Student control group
BMI (kg/m2)
A
18.6
A
21.6
B
18.2
B
18.9
C
19.5
C
19.4
D
18.9
D
22.6
E
24.1
F
23.6
A) Assuming that all the necessary conditions are met (normality, independence, etc.) carry out the appropriate statistical test to determine if the new exercise program is effective. Use an alpha level of 0.05. Do not assume equal variances.B) Construct a 95% confidence interval about your estimate for the average difference in BMI between the groups.
The article “The Effects of a Low-Fat, Plant-Based DietaryIntervention on Body Weight, Metabolism, and InsulinSensitivity in Postmenopausal Women” (Amer. J. of Med.,2005: 991–997) reported on the results of an experiment inwhich half of the individuals in a group of 64 postmenopausaloverweight women were randomly assigned to a particularvegan diet, and the other half received a diet based on NationalCholesterol Education Program guidelines. The sample meandecrease in body weight for those on the vegan diet was 5.8kg, and the sample SD was 3.2, whereas for those on the control diet, the sample mean weight loss and standard deviationwere 3.8 and 2.8, respectively. Does it appear the true averageweight loss for the vegan diet exceeds that for the control dietby more than 1 kg? Carry out an appropriate test of hypotheses at significance level .05 based on calculating a P-value
The article “Effects of Diets with Whole Plant-Origin Proteins Added with Different Ratiosof Taurine:Methionine on the Growth, Macrophage Activity and Antioxidant Capacity ofRainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fingerlings” (O. Hernandez, L. Hernandez, et al.,Veterinary and Animal Science, 2017:4-9) reports that a sample of 210 juvenile rainbowtrout fed a diet fortified with equal amounts of the amino acids taurine and methionine for aperiod of 70 days had a mean weight gain of 313 percent with a standard deviation of 25, while 210 fish fed with a control diet had a mean weight gain of 233 percent with a standard deviation of 19. Units are percent. Find a 99% confidence interval for the difference in weight gain on the two diets.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
Ch. 8.1 - For each of the following assertions, state...Ch. 8.1 - For the following pairs of assertions, indicate...Ch. 8.1 - For which of the given P-values would the null...Ch. 8.1 - Pairs of P-values and significance levels, , are...Ch. 8.1 - To determine whether the pipe welds in a nuclear...Ch. 8.1 - Let denote the true average radioactivity level...Ch. 8.1 - Before agreeing to purchase a large order of...Ch. 8.1 - Many older homes have electrical systems that use...Ch. 8.1 - Water samples are taken from water used for...Ch. 8.1 - A regular type of laminate is currently being used...
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 8.1 - A mixture of pulverized fuel ash and Portland...Ch. 8.1 - The calibration of a scale is to be checked by...Ch. 8.1 - A new design for the braking system on a certain...Ch. 8.2 - Let denote the true average reaction time to a...Ch. 8.2 - Newly purchased tires of a particular type are...Ch. 8.2 - Answer the following questions for the tire...Ch. 8.2 - Reconsider the paint-drying situation of Example...Ch. 8.2 - The melting point of each of 16 samples of a...Ch. 8.2 - Lightbulbs of a certain type are advertised as...Ch. 8.2 - The desired percentage of SiO2 in a certain type...Ch. 8.2 - To obtain information on the corrosion-resistance...Ch. 8.2 - Automatic identification of the boundaries of...Ch. 8.2 - Unlike most packaged food products, alcohol...Ch. 8.2 - Body armor provides critical protection for law...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 26ECh. 8.2 - Show that for any 0, when the population...Ch. 8.2 - For a fixed alternative value , show that () 0 as...Ch. 8.3 - The true average diameter of ball bearings of a...Ch. 8.3 - A sample of n sludge specimens is selected and the...Ch. 8.3 - The paint used to make lines on roads must reflect...Ch. 8.3 - The relative conductivity of a semiconductor...Ch. 8.3 - The article The Foremans View of Quality Control...Ch. 8.3 - The following observations are on stopping...Ch. 8.3 - The article Uncertainty Estimation in Railway...Ch. 8.3 - Have you ever been frustrated because you could...Ch. 8.3 - The accompanying data on cube compressive strength...Ch. 8.3 - A random sample of soil specimens was obtained,...Ch. 8.3 - Reconsider the accompanying sample data on expense...Ch. 8.3 - Polymer composite materials have gained popularity...Ch. 8.3 - A spectrophotometer used for measuring CO...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 42ECh. 8.4 - Prob. 43ECh. 8.4 - A manufacturer of nickel-hydrogen batteries...Ch. 8.4 - A random sample of 150 recent donations at a...Ch. 8.4 - It is known that roughly 2/3 of all human beings...Ch. 8.4 - The article Effects of Bottle Closure Type on...Ch. 8.4 - With domestic sources of building supplies running...Ch. 8.4 - A plan for an executive travelers club has been...Ch. 8.4 - Each of a group of 20 intermediate tennis players...Ch. 8.4 - A manufacturer of plumbing fixtures has developed...Ch. 8.4 - In a sample of 171 students at an Australian...Ch. 8.5 - Reconsider the paint-drying problem discussed in...Ch. 8.5 - Consider the large-sample level .01 test in...Ch. 8.5 - Consider carrying out m tests of hypotheses based...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 56ECh. 8 - A sample of 50 lenses used in eyeglasses yields a...Ch. 8 - In Exercise 57, suppose the experimenter had...Ch. 8 - It is specified that a certain type of iron should...Ch. 8 - One method for straightening wire before coiling...Ch. 8 - Contamination of mine soils in China is a serious...Ch. 8 - The article Orchard Floor Management Utilizing...Ch. 8 - The article Caffeine Knowledge, Attitudes, and...Ch. 8 - Annual holdings turnover for a mutual fund is the...Ch. 8 - The true average breaking strength of ceramic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 66SECh. 8 - The incidence of a certain type of chromosome...Ch. 8 - Prob. 68SECh. 8 - Prob. 69SECh. 8 - The Dec. 30, 2009. the New York Times reported...Ch. 8 - When X1, X2,, Xn are independent Poisson...Ch. 8 - An article in the Nov. 11, 2005, issue of the San...Ch. 8 - Prob. 73SECh. 8 - The article Analysis of Reserve and Regular...Ch. 8 - Prob. 75SECh. 8 - Chapter 7 presented a CI for the variance 2 of a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 77SECh. 8 - When the population distribution is normal and n...Ch. 8 - Let X1, X2, Xn be a random sample from an...Ch. 8 - Because of variability in the manufacturing...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Three experiments investigating the relation between need for cognitive closure and persuasion were reported in “Motivated Resistance and Openness to Persuasion in the Presence or Absence of Prior Information,” by A. W. Kruglanski (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 861–874). Part of the study involved administering a “need for closure scale” to a group of students enrolled in an introductory psychology course. The “need for closure scale” has scores ranging from 101 to 201. For the 73 students in the highest quartile of the distribution, the mean score was 178.70 . Assume a population standard deviation of 7.81. These students were all classified as high on their need for closure. Assume that the 73 students represent a random sample of all students who are classified as high on their need for closure. Find a 95% confidence interval for the population mean score on the “need for closure scale” for all students with a high need for closurearrow_forwardA study was conducted to explore workplace bullying in a community NHS trust. Staff were asked about whether workplace bullying had affected their working environment (Quine L, BMJ 1999; 318: 228-229). Those who had been bullied had lower levels of job satisfaction (mean 10.5 [SD 2.7] vs 12.2 [2.3], P<0.001) and higher levels of job-induced stress (mean 22.5 [SD 6.1] v 16.9 [5.8], P<0.001) than those who had not been bullied. Based on the above info, Select which of the following statement(s) you believe to be true You CAN SELECT MORE THAN 1. a. The P value for the comparison of job-induced stress was less than 0.001. This means that we cannot reject the null hypothesis at the 5% level of significance. b. P < 0.001 means that there is a less than 1 in 1000 chance that we would have obtained these results, or more extreme results, if the alternative hypothesis was true. c. There is a significant difference in the levels of job satisfaction between…arrow_forwardA consumer advocacy group wanted to study whether different airline carriers differed in terms of their delayed flights. In particular, the researchers were interested in the relationship between p1, the proportion of Alpha Airlines flights that were delayed at least 15 minutes, and p2, the proportion of Beta Airlines flights that were delayed at least 15 minutes. A random sample of 1,000 Alpha flights and a separate random sample of 1,000 Beta flights found that 67 of the Alpha fights and 160 of the Beta flights were delayed at least 15 minutes. The conditions for inference were checked and verified. Does this set of samples provide strong evidence that Alpha Airlines has a smaller proportion of flights that are delayed at least 15 minutes than Beta Airlines, at the α = 0.05 significance level? Find the z-table here. A. The test statistic is z = –6.56 and the P-value ≈ 0. Since the P-value ≈ 0 < 0.05, there is not sufficient evidence that Alpha Airlines has fewer delayed…arrow_forward
- An article in the Journal of Quality Technology (Vol. 13, No. 2, 1981, pp. 111–114) describes an experimentthat investigates the effects of four bleaching chemicals on pulp brightness. These four chemicals wereselected at random from a large population of potential bleaching agents. The data are as follows:a. Test the significance of these chemical types with α=0.05.b. If proven significant, perform a multiple comparison method using Fisher’s LSDarrow_forwardA study was performed on 200 elementary school students to investigate whether regular Vitamin A supplementation was effective in preventing colds during the month of March. 100 were randomized to receive daily Vitamin A supplements during the month of March, and 100 students were randomized to a placebo group (and did not receive Vitamin A) during the same month. The number of students getting at least one cold in March was computed in the two groups, and the results are given in the following 2 X 2 table. Using a 5% level of significance determine whether there is an association between Vitamin A supplementation and prevention of Common Cold ColdNo Cold Vitamin A1585100 Placebo2575100 40160200arrow_forwardA random sample of 50 suspension helmets used by motorcycle riders and automobile race-car drivers was subjected to an impact test, and on 18 of these helmets some damage was observed.arrow_forward
- A researcher was interested in studying if there is a significant relationship between the severity of COVID 19 and blood types of individuals. 2400 individuals were studied and the results are shown below. Condition Blood Type O A B AB Total Critical 64 44 20 8 136 Severe 175 129 50 15 369 Moderate 211 528 151 125 1015 Mild 200 400 140 140 880 Total 650 1101 361 288 2400 State both the null and alternative hypotheses. Provide the decision rule for making this decision. Use an alpha level of 5%. Show all of the work necessary to calculate the appropriate statistic. What conclusion are you allowed to draw? . Would your conclusion change at the 10% level of significance?arrow_forwardIn its January 25, 2012, issue, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported on the effects of overconsumption of low, normal, and high protein diets on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition. Researchers conducted a single blind, randomized controlled trial of 25 U.S. adults. The subjects were healthy, weight-stable, male and female volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years. All subjects consumed a weight-stabilizing diet for 13 to 25 days. Afterwards, the researchers randomly assigned participants to diets containing various percentages of energy from protein: 5% (low protein), 15% (normal protein), or 25% (high protein). The subjects were not aware of the specific protein level diet to which they were assigned. On these diets the researchers overfed the participants during the last 8 weeks of their 10 to 12 week stay in the inpatient metabolic unit. The goal was to investigate the effect of overconsumption of protein on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body…arrow_forwardA paper investigated the driving behavior of teenagers by observing their vehicles as they left a high school parking lot and then again at a site approximately 1 2 mile from the school. Assume that it is reasonable to regard the teen drivers in this study as representative of the population of teen drivers. MaleDriver FemaleDriver 1.3 -0.3 1.3 0.6 0.9 1.1 2.1 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 3 0.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.5 2.1 0.5 (a) Use a .01 level of significance for any hypothesis tests. Data consistent with summary quantities appearing in the paper are given in the table. The measurements represent the difference between the observed vehicle speed and the posted speed limit (in miles per hour) for a sample of male teenage drivers and a sample of female teenage drivers. (Use ?males − ?females. Round your test statistic to two decimal places. Round your degrees of freedom down to the nearest whole number. Round your p-value to three decimal places.) t = df =…arrow_forward
- A sample of men and women who had passed their driver's test either the first time or the second time were surveyed, with the following results: Results of the driving testGender First time Second timeMen 126 211Women 135 178a) Do these data suggest that there is a relationship between gender and the passing of their driver’s test from which the present sample was drawn? Let alpha=.05arrow_forwardA simple random sample of front-seat occupants involved in car crashes is obtained. Among3000occupants not wearing seat belts,36were killed. Among 7697occupants wearing seat belts,18were killed. Use a0.05significance level to test the claim that seat belts are effective in reducing fatalities. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.arrow_forwardA paper investigated the driving behavior of teenagers by observing their vehicles as they left a high school parking lot and then again at a site approximately 1 2 mile from the school. Assume that it is reasonable to regard the teen drivers in this study as representative of the population of teen drivers. MaleDriver FemaleDriver 1.4 -0.2 1.2 0.5 0.9 1.1 2.1 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 3 0.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.5 2.1 0.5 (a) Use a .01 level of significance for any hypothesis tests. Data consistent with summary quantities appearing in the paper are given in the table. The measurements represent the difference between the observed vehicle speed and the posted speed limit (in miles per hour) for a sample of male teenage drivers and a sample of female teenage drivers. (Use ?males − ?females. Round your test statistic to two decimal places. Round your degrees of freedom down to the nearest whole number. Round your p-value to three decimal places.) t = df =…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsStatisticsISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons IncProbability and Statistics for Engineering and th...StatisticsISBN:9781305251809Author:Jay L. DevorePublisher:Cengage LearningStatistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...StatisticsISBN:9781305504912Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. WallnauPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...StatisticsISBN:9780134683416Author:Ron Larson, Betsy FarberPublisher:PEARSONThe Basic Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319042578Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. FlignerPublisher:W. H. FreemanIntroduction to the Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319013387Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. CraigPublisher:W. H. Freeman
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305251809
Author:Jay L. Devore
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305504912
Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...
Statistics
ISBN:9780134683416
Author:Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319042578
Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319013387
Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Hypothesis Testing using Confidence Interval Approach; Author: BUM2413 Applied Statistics UMP;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hq1l3e9pLyY;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Hypothesis Testing - Difference of Two Means - Student's -Distribution & Normal Distribution; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcZwyzwWU7o;License: Standard Youtube License