Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 11RQ
What property enables the residues of the amino acids serine, threonine, and tyrosine to be phosphorylated?
- They are polar.
- They are non-polar.
- They contain a hydroxyl group.
- They occur more frequently in the amino acid sequence of signaling proteins.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
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- For most signaling molecules, explain why a signal transduction pathway is necessaryarrow_forwardWhy might a compound resembling ADP function as an inhibitor of a protein kinase?arrow_forwardWhich factor has NOT been shown to play a role in determining the specificity of protein kinases? a. protein tertiary structure b. protein quaternary structure c. primary sequence at phosphorylation site d. disulfide bonds near the phosphorylation site e. residues near the phosphorylation sitearrow_forward
- Two proteins have exactly the same amino acid sequence. Protein A is able to bind with high affinity to a cellular receptor, while Protein B cannot bind to the receptor under identical conditions. In 3-4 sentences explain, provide an explanation why two proteins with the same primary sequence could have very different abilities to bind a receptor.arrow_forwardWhat are the different types of biomolecules involved in cellular signaling, and how do they function?arrow_forwardA protein is allosterically regulated by a molecule. This molecule enhances the binding affinity, and is different from the normal ligand. How would you describe this molecule? A negative homotropic molecule A negative heterotropic molecule A positive heterotropic molecule A positive homotropic moleculearrow_forward
- Which one of the following is NOT a ligand?A. Glucagon B. Bacterial proteinC. Airarrow_forwardHow can you decrease (or stop) the rate of binding for a noncompetitive inhibitor? Could you change the receptor allosteric sites to prevent noncompetitive binding?arrow_forwardWhat distinguishes a steroid receptor from a receptor tyrosine kinase receptor or a G-protein-coupled receptor?arrow_forward
- S-adenosylmethionine is an activated carrier molecule that transfers which of the following groups? the carboxylic acid group (with one carbon) the phosphate group (with zero carbons) the glucose group (with six carbons) the methyl group (with one carbon) the acetyl group (with two carbons)arrow_forwardSynthesis of peptide bonds is [exorgonic or endergonic]. Thus in isolation, this reaction would [occur or not occur] in cells. Peptide synthesis at the ribosome is coupled to GTP hydrolysis which is an [exergonic or endergonic] process thus making the overall process of synthesizing peptides [spontaneous or not spontaneous].arrow_forwardWhich of the following situations would produce a Hill plot with nH < 1.0? Explain your reasoning in each case.(a) The protein has multiple subunits, each with a single ligand-binding site. Binding of ligand to one site decreases the binding affinity of other sites for the ligand.(b) The protein is a single polypeptide with two ligand-binding sites, each having a different affinity for the ligand.(c) The protein is a single polypeptide with a single ligand-binding site. As purified, the protein preparation is heterogeneous, containing some protein molecules that are partially denatured and thus have a lower binding affinity for the ligand.arrow_forward
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