Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 12RQ
Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked receptor to initiate the itchiness and airway constriction associated with an allergic response. If a mutation in the associated G-protein’s alpha subunit prevented the hydrolysis of GTP how would the allergic response change?
- More severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling.
- Less severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling.
- No allergic response.
- No change compared to normal G-protein signaling.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
The secondary messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) is involved in many different signaling pathways, including the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway. Which of the following describes an advantage of using cAMP as a secondary messenger in cell signaling?
It conserves energy because cAMP can be converted to ATP.
It increases signaling specificity because protein kinase A, the direct effector of cAMP, has few substrates.
It prolongs the signal because cAMP is chemically stable and persists for a long time after ligand dissociation.
It amplifies the signal because one molecule of activated adenylyl cyclase can produce many molecules of cAMP.
Which of the following steps amplify the epinephrine signal response in cells: receptor activation of G protein, G protein activation of adenylyl cyclase, cAMP activation of PKA, or PKA phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase (GPK)? Which change will have a greater effect on signal amplification: an increase in the number of epinephrine receptors or an increase in the number of Gαs proteins?
The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling?
The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes.
The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression.
The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway.
The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
If a constant, nonzero force is applied to an object, what can you say about the velocity and acceleration of t...
College Physics
With the initial appearance of the feature we call Now Solve This, a short introduction is in order. The featur...
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Define histology.
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
In Drosophila, Dichaete (D) is a mutation on chromosome III with a dominant effect on wing shape. It is lethal ...
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the description of meiosis (see Figure 10.8) and Mendels laws of segregation and indepe...
Campbell Biology in Focus
One isomer of methamphetamine is the addictive illegal drug known as crank. Another isomer is a medicine for si...
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Suppose that a G protein undergoes a mutation that allows the exchange of bound GTP for GDP to occur in the absence of G protein binding to a receptor. How might this mutation affect signaling involving a GPCR? Which subunit of the G protein is most likely affected by the mutation?arrow_forwardWhen insulin binds to its receptor, a conformational change occurs that results in auto phosphorylation of the receptor on a specific Tyr residues. In the next step of the signaling pathway, an adaptor protein called IRS-1(insulin receptor substrate-1) docks with the phosphorylated receptor. This step is essential for the downstream activation of several kinases including Alk, also known as protein B as well as protein C kinase and GSK-3. Protein kinase 3 is involved in mobilizing GLUT 4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane and GSK-3 phosphorylates glycogen sunthase. What would be the effects of a mammalian organism over expressing IRS-1 were also deficient in muscle GAK-3? Would this deficiency be lethal ?arrow_forwardCholera toxins, produced by the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae, disrupt G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. They interfere with... the ability of the beta subunit of a G protein to bind to the GPCR the ability of the gamma subunit of a G protein to exchange GDP for GTP the ability of the beta subunit of a G protein to bind to an effector protein the ability of the alpha subunit of a G protein to hydrolyze GTP to GDParrow_forward
- Activation of certain GPCRs triggers an intracellular signaling mechanism that involves activation of adenlyl cyclase and an increase of cAMP. Which of the following statements best describes the the events that follow such a cAMP increase? a.) The cAMP increase leads to activation of protein kinase C. b.) The cAMP increase leads to activation of the release of the gamma subunit from the GPCR. c.) The cAMP increase leads to activation of protein kinase A.arrow_forwardPut the steps of the process of G-protein signal transduction in the order (1-4) in which they occur. Second messenger molecules are activated and amplify the signal A signal molecule binds to a receptor on the outside of the cell The alpha (a) subunit of the G-protein inside the cell moves and binds to a nearby enzyme The receptor changes shape, transducing the signal into the cellarrow_forwardRelease of glucose into the bloodstream from cells in the liver can be initiated by epinephrine binding to the epinephrine receptor on the plasma membrane of liver cells. This cascade requires cAMP signaling which BOTH activates protein kinase A and deactivates glycogen synthase. The dual effect of cAMP on protein kinase A and glycogen synthase is an example of what? a. ligand/ receptor signal specificity b. communication of surface signals to the nucleus c. amplification of second messenger signaling d. second messenger signaling pathway crosstalkarrow_forward
- All cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.arrow_forwardA drug binds to a receptor and causes an immediate change in the electrical signaling or excitability of that cell, without activating another signaling molecule. What type of receptor is this drug most likely binding to? G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Ligand-gated ion channel Enzyme-coupled receptor Intracellular receptor Voltage-gated ion channelarrow_forwardA cell within organ A expresses a protein that is secreted from the cell and travels through the organism’s blood stream to a cell on a distant organ B. The protein binds to a receptor protein on the cell surface of organ B and activates an intracellular signaling pathway resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? Contact-dependent? Paracrine? Synaptic? Endocrine? Autocrine?arrow_forward
- In this mechanim of receptor regulation, there is uncoupling of the signaling pathway. Even though the ligand is bound to the receptor located in the plasma membrane, downstream signaling is not occuring. This is best described as: Answers A-D A receptor internalization B receptor desensitization C receptor sensitization 5 D receptor downregulationarrow_forwardA cell expresses a transmembrane protein that is cleaved at the plasma membrane to release an extracellular fragment. The fragment binds to receptor proteins on nearby cells and activates signaling pathways resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? Contact-dependent? Paracrine? Synaptic? Endocrine? Autocrine?arrow_forwardSomeone goes for a jog first thing in the morning and encounters a squadron of javelinas, causing a release of epinephrine. Some of this circulating epinephrine binds to a G-alpha-s coupled receptor (GPCR) on the surface of muscle cells. Which of the following would occur in the muscle cell as a result of this activation? Nitric oxide synthesis would increase. cyclic AMP (cAMP) activity would increase. Phospholipase C (PLC) would hydrolyze (cut) the molecule PIP2. The levels of adenylate cyclase activity would decrease. The levels of adenylate cyclase activity would decrease. Which ligand is CORRECTLY matched with its characteristic? Group of answer choices Glucagon: stimulates the activation of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway Nitric oxide (NO): must bind to its target protien withn a few seconds because NO degrades rapidly Steroid hormone: produces a response in its target cells within seconds Acetylcholine: hydrophobic molecule that binds to…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license