Textbook Problem

Why are infant feeding problems more common in extremely low birthweight and very low birthweight infants?

1. a. Preterm birth reduces the nutritional composition of mothers’ breast milk.
2. b. Preterm infants develop the skills for nursing when they reach a postmenstrual age of 40 weeks gestation.
3. c. Impaired nutrient absorption and slow gut motility affect tolerance of feedings.
4. d. Increased energy needs are difficult to achieve because of the preterm infant’s ineffective nippling skills.