Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780133917789
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 21BS
Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded that some inherited factors were responsible for the patterns of inheritance he observed in peas. Similarly maps of Drosophila chromosomes (and the very idea that genes are carried on chromosomes) were conceived by observing the patterns of inheritance of linked genes, not by observing the genes directly. Is it legitimate for biologists to claim the existence of objects and processes they cannot actually see? How do scientists know whether an explanation is correct?
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Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded that some inherited factors were responsible for the patterns of inheritance he observed in peas. Similarly maps of Drosophila chroma zones were conceived by observing the patterns of inheritance of linked genes, not by observing the genes directly. Is it legitimate for biologists to claim the existence of objects and processes they cannot actually see? How do scientists know whether an explanation is correct?
In your own words, define the terms “orthologous” and “paralogous” genes. Then, briefly suggest by what mechanism, during evolution, each of these homologous gene types is most likely to have arisen.
You are working in the lab with strains of Drosophila that have either normal legs or abnormally short legs and you are studying the gene responsible. You know that normal legs are dominant to short legs. You come across a misplaced fly with normal legs, but you are not sure of his genetic background and you want to keep him in your experiments.
(Without doing a molecular analysis), How could you figure out whether he was heterozygous or homozygous for the leg gene that you are studying? (Describe what you would do and how the results would answer the question.)
What is the procedure you described above called?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
Ch. 9 - The genetic makeup of an organism is called its...Ch. 9 - Which of Mendels laws is represented by each...Ch. 9 - Edward was found to be heterozygous (Ss) for the...Ch. 9 - Whether an allele is dominant or recessive depends...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5SQCh. 9 - Prob. 6SQCh. 9 - Prob. 7SQCh. 9 - Prob. 8SQCh. 9 - Adult height in people is at least partially...Ch. 9 - A purebred brown mouse is repeatedly mated with a...
Ch. 9 - How could you determine the genotype of one of the...Ch. 9 - Tim and Jan have freckles (a dominant trait), but...Ch. 9 - Incomplete dominance is seen in the inheritance of...Ch. 9 - Why was Henry VIII wrong to blame his wives for...Ch. 9 - Both parents of a boy arc phenotypically normal,...Ch. 9 - Heather was surprised to discover that she...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17SQCh. 9 - In 1981, a stray cat with unusual curled-back ears...Ch. 9 - Prob. 19PSCh. 9 - There are now nearly 200 recognized breeds of dog,...Ch. 9 - Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded...Ch. 9 - Prob. 22BS
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In your own words, define the terms “orthologous” and “paralogous” genes. Then briefly suggest by what mechanism, during evolution, each of these is most likely to have arisen.arrow_forwardCan single-celled organisms have multiple simultaneous phenotypes? If so, can you propose an example? If not, why? Can something you cannot see "by eye" be considered a phenotype? Explain your answer and give specific examples if necessary.arrow_forwardGeneticists study mitochondrial and Y-chromosome DNA to determine the ancestry of modern humans. Such studies have led to the emergence of mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosome Adam, whose features above are a far-cry from an artist's interpretation of the Biblical narrative. Their progeny came to have the range of physical features now described as racial differences. How has modern genomics contributed to the debate about the validity and definition of these hypothetical parents and their descendants?arrow_forward
- . Barbara McClintock, the American geneticist, won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for which of the following non-Mendelian discoveries? DNA-based transposons in bacteria the Alu sequence in humans the LINE-1 element in humans jumping genes in corn retrotransposons in fruit fliesarrow_forwardEye colors are passed down through generations, but sometimes genetic variations can lead to surprising results in eye colors (dark eye color, still rocks!?) Some examples are found below. Is there truth behind the following? Provide explanations for your answer. Two parents with blue eyes cannot have a brown-eyed child and vice-versa. Eyes with more than one color stems from parents with two different eye colors. People with violet eyes are mutants. People with red or pinkish eye color can have dark-eyed parents.arrow_forwardHow does the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance helped to advance our understanding of genetics?arrow_forward
- Who was Gregor Mendel? Why is he important in the history of science, and more specifically, in the history of Darwin's theory of evolution?arrow_forwardGeneticists study mitochondrial and Y-chromosome DNA to determine the ancestry of modern humans. Such studies have led to the emergence of mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosome Adam, whose features above are a far-cry from an artist's interpretation of the Biblical narrative. Their progeny came to have the range of physical features now described as racial differences. How has modern genomics contributed to the debate about the validity and definition of these hypothetical parents and their descendants? References:arrow_forwardGregor Johann Mendel carried out experiments with pea plants that demonstrated how certain physical traits were passed down from one generation to the next in a predictable pattern. He introduced the concepts of dominant and recessive traits and established fundamental laws of inheritance for what is known as Mendelian Genetics. A trait can be inherited when each parent passes down one copy of a gene. Different versions of the same gene are known as alleles. Both gene copies are an organism’s genotype, and the physical expression of those genes is a phenotype. 1. Explain one of the three laws of inheritance proposed by Mendelian genetics. Mendelian inheritance can be visualized using Punnett squares. The first row and column represent the parental alleles, while the squares predict the possible combination of alleles of the resulting offspring. Dominant alleles are indicated by uppercase letters while recessive alleles are indicated by lowercase letters. The combination of alleles in…arrow_forward
- in a summary use your understanding of molecular biology to explain that recessive alleles are expressed through transcription and translation, and that they may have functional gene products. Describe how the interaction of the products produced by each allele results in what we see as dominant or recessive traits.arrow_forwardThis principle examines the conceptual contribution of the scientist who introduced the idea of inheritance, emphasizing the notion that traits are inheretable through gametes fusion rather than somatic lineagearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describes the multifactual inheritance in genetics? A. One locus is associated with different traits. B. One locus is associated with variable phenotypes of a trait. C. Several loci are associated with the trait.arrow_forward
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