Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 25PS
Among the following, which has the shortest bond and which has the longest: Li2, B2, C2, N2, O2?
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 9.1 - Use valence bond theory to describe the bonding in...Ch. 9.1 - Identify the hybridization of each underlined atom...Ch. 9.1 - Use valence bond theory to describe the bonding in...Ch. 9.2 - What is the electron configuration of the H2+ ion?...Ch. 9.2 - Could the anion Li2 exist? What is the ions bond...Ch. 9.2 - The cations O2+ and N2+ are formed when molecules...Ch. 9.3 - Photoelectron spectroscopy is s1milar to the...Ch. 9.3 - What is the energy of a photon with a wavelength...Ch. 9.3 - Using the accompanying figure, state which...Ch. 9.3 - The kinetic energy of an electron ejected from the...
Ch. 9.3 - The N2+ ions that are formed when electrons with...Ch. 9.3 - What is the empirical formula of Tynan purple?Ch. 9.3 - Butter yellow absorbs light with a wavelength of...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2.3ACPCh. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for chloroform, CHCl3....Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for NF3. What are its...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for hydroxylamine, H2NOH....Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for 1,...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for carbonyl fluoride,...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for acetamide, CH3CONH2....Ch. 9 - Specify the electron-pair and molecular geometry...Ch. 9 - Specify the electron-pair and molecular geometry...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9PSCh. 9 - What is the hybrid orbital set used by each of the...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structures of the acid HPO2F2 and...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structures of the arid HSO3F and...Ch. 9 - What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in...Ch. 9 - What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in...Ch. 9 - What is the electron-pair and molecular geometry...Ch. 9 - What is the electron-pair and molecular geometry...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17PSCh. 9 - For each compound below, decide whether cis and...Ch. 9 - Molecular Orbital Theory (See Examples 9.49.6.)...Ch. 9 - Give the electron configurations for the ions Li2+...Ch. 9 - Calcium carbide, CaC2, contains the acetylide ion,...Ch. 9 - Platinum hexafluoride is an extremely strong...Ch. 9 - When sodium and oxygen react, one of the products...Ch. 9 - When potassium and oxygen react, one of the...Ch. 9 - Among the following, which has the shortest bond...Ch. 9 - Consider the following list of small molecules and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 27PSCh. 9 - The nitrosyl ion. NO+, has an interesting...Ch. 9 - These questions are not designated as to type or...Ch. 9 - What is the OSO angle and the hybrid orbital set...Ch. 9 - Sketch the resonance structures for the nitrite...Ch. 9 - Sketch the resonance structures for the nitrate...Ch. 9 - Sketch the resonance structures for the N2O...Ch. 9 - Compare the structure and bonding in CO2 and CO32...Ch. 9 - Numerous molecules are detected in deep space....Ch. 9 - Acrolein, a component of photochemical smog, has a...Ch. 9 - The organic compound below is a member of a class...Ch. 9 - The compound sketched below is acetylsalicylic...Ch. 9 - Phosphoserine is a less-common amino acid. (a)...Ch. 9 - Lactic acid is a natural compound found in sour...Ch. 9 - Cinnamaldehyde ocaus naturally in cinnamon oil....Ch. 9 - The ion Si2 was reported in a laboratory...Ch. 9 - The simple valence bond picture of O2 does not...Ch. 9 - Nitrogen, N2, can ionize to form N2+ or add an...Ch. 9 - Which of the homonuclear, diatomic molecules of...Ch. 9 - Which of the following molecules or ions are...Ch. 9 - Prob. 47GQCh. 9 - The structure of amphetamine, a stimulant, is...Ch. 9 - Menthol is used in soaps, perfumes, and foods. It...Ch. 9 - Prob. 50GQCh. 9 - Suppose you carry out the following reaction of...Ch. 9 - Ethylene oxide is an intermediate in the...Ch. 9 - The sulfamate ion, H2NSO3, can be thought of as...Ch. 9 - The compound whose structure is shown here is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 55ILCh. 9 - Carbon dioxide (CO2), dinitrogen monoxide (N2O),...Ch. 9 - Draw the two resonance structures that describe...Ch. 9 - Draw a Lewis structure for diimide, HNNH. Then,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 59SCQCh. 9 - Consider the three fluorides BF4, SiF4, and SF4....Ch. 9 - When two amino acids react with each other, they...Ch. 9 - What is the connection between bond order, bond...Ch. 9 - When is it desirable to use MO theory rather than...Ch. 9 - Show how valence bond theory and molecular orbital...Ch. 9 - Three of the four molecular orbitals for...Ch. 9 - Lets look more closely at the process of...Ch. 9 - Borax has the molecular formula Na2B4O5(OH)4. The...Ch. 9 - A model of the organic compound allene is shown...Ch. 9 - Prob. 69SCQCh. 9 - Prob. 70SCQCh. 9 - Bromine forms a number of oxides of varying...Ch. 9 - Prob. 72SCQCh. 9 - Urea reacts with malonic acid to produce...
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- What is the formal charge on the indicated atom in each of the following species? (a) sulfur in SO2 (b) nitrogen in N2H4 (c) each oxygen atom in ozone, O3arrow_forwardBest Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe molecule shown here. 2-furylmelhanethiol, is responsible for the aroma of coffee: (a) What are the formal charges on the S and O atoms? (b) Give approximate values of angles 1, 2, and 3. (c) Which are the shorter carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule? (d) Which bond in this molecule is the most polar? (e) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (f) The four C atoms of the ring are all in a plane. Is the O atom in that same plane (making the five-member ring planar), or is the O atom bent above or below the plane?arrow_forward
- Given the bonds C N, C H, C Br, and S O, (a) which atom in each is the more electronegative? (b) which of these bonds is the most polar?arrow_forwarda Carbonyl fluoride, COF2, is an extremely poisonous gas used in organofluorine synthesis. Give the valence bond description of the carbonyl fluoride molecule. (Both fluorine atoms are attached to the carbon atom.) b Nitrogen, N2, makes up about 80% of the earths atmosphere. Give the valence bond description of this molecule.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following compounds has the strongest bond? * a) BiH₃ b) SbH₃ c) AsH₃ d) PH₃ e) NH₃arrow_forward
- ii. Which one is stable, AlH3 or Al2H6 and why?arrow_forwardFor the carbonate ion, CO3 2−, draw all of the resonance structures. Identify which orbitals overlap to create each bond.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the correct setup and answer for the formal charge of sulfur in SH2?arrow_forward
- Which of the following has resonance structure? a) SCl4 b) BH3 c) SO2 d) none e) H2Oarrow_forwardDraw the Lewis Structure of carbonate ion, CO32-. Please include the resonance structures and the formal charges on each atom. Consider the compound: sulfur tetrafluoride. a. Draw the Lewis Structure, b. What is its AXE notation? c. What is its Molecular geometry? d. What is its Electron pair geometry? e. Is it polar or non-polar? 3. Consider the Ne2 molecule. a. Draw its molecular orbital diagram, b. Compute the bond order, c. Is it more stable compared to its non-bonded form?arrow_forward2. What is the formal charge on the phosphorus (P) atom in PCl4+? 3. How do the P-Ci single bond lengths in PCl5, PCl4+, and PCl6- generally compare? 4. Identify the type of bonding the central atom undergoes in PCl5 and PCl6-.arrow_forward
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