Concept explainers
“Smelling salts,” which are used to revive someone who has fainted, typically contain ammonium carbonate,
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lculate the mass of ammonia gas that is produced if 1 .25 g of ammonium carbonate decomposes completely.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
- The carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forward4-77 To convert 1 mol of iron(III) oxide to its elements requires 196.5 kcal: How many grams of iron can be produced if 156.0 kcal of heat is absorbed by a large-enough sample of iron(III) oxide?arrow_forwardInsoluble AgCl(s) precipitates when solutions of AgNO3(aq) and NaCl(aq) are mixed. AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) rH = ? To measure the energy evolved in this reaction, 250. mL of 0.16 M AgNO3(aq) and 125 mL of 0.32 M NaCl(aq) are mixed in a coffee-cup calorimeter. The temperature of the mixture rises from 21.15 C to 22.90 C. Calculate the enthalpy change for the precipitation of AgCl(s), in kJ/mol. (Assume the density of the solution is 1.0 g/mL and its specific heat capacity is 4.2 J/g K.)arrow_forward
- Copper reacts with nitric acid according to the following reaction. 3Cu(s)+8HNO3(aq)3Cu(NO3)2(aq)+2NO(g)+4H2O(l) If 2.40 g of Cu is added to a container with 2.00 mL of concentrated nitric acid (70% by mass HNO3; density = 1.42 g/cm3), what mass of nitrogen monoxide gas will be produced?arrow_forward4.69 The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of a chemical reaction between H2 and CO to produce methanol, CH3OH. The box on the left represents the reactants at the instant of mixing, and the box on the right shows what is left once the reaction has gone to completion. Was there a limiting reactant in this reaction? If so, what was it? Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. As usual, your equation should use the smallest possible whole number coefficients for all substances.arrow_forwardEthanol, C2H5OH, is a gasoline additive that can be produced by fermentation of glucose. C6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2 (a) Calculate the mass (g) of ethanol produced by the fermentation of 1.000 lb glucose. (b) Gasohol is a mixture of 10.00 mL ethanol per 90.00 mL gasoline. Calculate the mass (in g) of glucose required to produce the ethanol in 1.00 gal gasohol. Density of ethanol = 0.785 g/mL. (c) By 2022, the U. S. Energy Independence and Security Act calls for annual production of 3.6 1010 gal of ethanol, no more than 40% of it produced by fermentation of corn. Fermentation of 1 ton (2.2 103 lb) of corn yields approximately 106 gal of ethanol. The average corn yield in the United States is about 2.1 105 lb per 1.0 105 m2. Calculate the acreage (in m2) required to raise corn solely for ethanol production in 2022 in the United States.arrow_forward
- A soft drink contains an unknown mass of citric acid, C3H5O(COOH)3. It requires 6.42 mL of 9.580 × 10−2-M NaOH to neutralize the citric acid in 10.0 mL of the soft drink. C3H5O(COOH)3(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) → Na3C3H5O(COO)3(aq) + 3 H2O(ℓ) Determine which step in these calculations for the mass of citric acid in 1 mL soft drink is incorrect? Why? n (NaOH) = (6.42 mL)(1L/1000 mL)(9.580 × 10−2 mol/L) n (citric acid) = (6.15 × 10−4 mol NaOH) × (3 mol citric acid/1 mol NaOH) m (citric acid in sample) = (1.85 × 10−3 mol citric acid) × (192.12 g/mol citric acid) m (citric acid in 1 mL soft drink) = (0.354 g citric acid)/(10 mL soft drink) Determine the correct result.arrow_forwardCarbon dioxide from the atmosphere weathers, or dissolves, limestone (CaCO3) by the reaction CaCO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)Ca2(aq)+2HCO3(aq) Obtain H for this reaction. See Table 6.2 for the data.arrow_forwardCopper is a heavy metal with considerable dangers to the human body, regardless of the quantity. Copper is also a common pollutant in bodies of water, not only in Ontario, but wherever there is an industrialized area nearby. A local body of water is said to contain copper (II) nitrate. A local body of water is said to contain copper (II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2. As a chemist, provide a single displacement reaction that can be used to remove copper from the body of water. Provide a balanced chemical equation with all states to prove your technique.arrow_forward
- Consider the following reactions:CoO (s) + CO (g) D CO2 (g) + Co (s) Kc(1) = 490.2 CoO (s) + 2 H2 (g) D 2 Co (s) + 2 H2O (g) Kc(2) = 4.5 x 103a. Write the overall equation for the reaction of hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas to produce carbon monoxide gas and steam.arrow_forwardSyngas is a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor that is used for making fertilizer, methanol, and other products. It is produced by heating fossil fuels under low-oxygen conditions to promote incomplete combustion. Write a balanced chemical equation, using the simplest ratio of integer coefficients, for the complete combustion of the gasoline component cyclopentane, C5H10 (l). Write a balanced chemical equation, using the simplest ratio of integer coefficients, for the incomplete combustion of cyclopentane with 20% of the carbon from cyclopentane appearing as CO(g) in the products.arrow_forwardOn January 28, 2014, in Germany, a barn containing 90 cows exploded when a stray spark caught the methane trapped in the building on fire. The building was damaged and one cow was slightly injured with minor burns. Assume that the 90 cows were producing 250L of methane per day and that there was a 15 hour collection in the barn when it ignited. __CH4 + __O2 → __ CO2 + __H2O a) How many liters of methane was in the barn when it exploded? b) What mass of water was generated in the explosion? (SET WORK INTO TRAIN TRACKS)arrow_forward
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