Textbook Problem

Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book.

Determining the Electrochemical Potential of a Sodium Ion Gradient

Consider a phospholipid vesicle containing 10mM Na⁺ ions. The vesicle is bathed in a solution that contains 52mM Na⁺ ions, and the electrical potential difference across the vesicle membrane $△\psi$= $\psi$_outside- $\psi$_outside = -30mV. What is the electrochemical potential at 25 $\circ$C for Na⁺ ions?